设计模式——状态模式

  和策略模式很像，都是把具体行为委托给其他类来完成，不同的是，在策略模式中，你要替换行为，需要指定，但是在状态模式里，内部自动会进行替换，你都无法察觉。
  怎么做到的，Context(上下文是一个类，拥有一些内部状态)因为它在委其他类完成任务后，会转换上下文的状态。
  概念：上下文，自己的理解，本身是一个类，但是拥有其他的对象引用，就像一个大锅，什么都往里装。不同的情景下，装的东西不一样。
  定义 状态模式：允许对象在内部状态改变时改变它的行为，对象看起来好像修改了它的类。
  这里的对象是上下文，状态改变，就调用不同的对象，所以看起来似乎调用的是同一个方法，但委托的是不同的状态对象。

状态接口
public interface State extends Serializable{

    public void insertQuarter();
    public void ejectQuarter();
    public void turnCrank();
    public void dispense();
}
public class HasQuarterState implements State{
    Random randomWinner = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
    transient GumballMachine gumballMachine;
    public HasQuarterState(GumballMachine gumballMachine){
        this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
    }
    @Override
    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("You can't insert another quarter");
    }
    @Override
    public void ejectQuarter() {
        System.out.println("Quarter returned");
        gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
    }
    @Override
    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("You turned...");
        int winner = randomWinner.nextInt(10);
        if((winner == 0)&&(gumballMachine.getCount() > 1)){
            gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getWinnerState());
        }else{
            gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldState());
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void dispense() {
        System.out.println("No gumball dispensed");
    }
}

public class NoQuarterState implements State{

    transient GumballMachine gumballMachine;

    public NoQuarterState(GumballMachine gumballMachine){
        this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
    }

    @Override
    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("You inserted a quarter");
        gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getHasQuarterState());
    }

    @Override
    public void ejectQuarter() {
        System.out.println("You haven't inserted a quarter");
    }

    @Override
    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("You turned,but there's no quarter");
    }

    @Override
    public void dispense() {
        System.out.println("You need to pay first");
    }


}

public class SoldOutState implements State{

    transient GumballMachine gumballMachine;
    public SoldOutState(GumballMachine gumballMachine){
        this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
    }
    @Override
    public void insertQuarter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }
    @Override
    public void ejectQuarter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }
    @Override
    public void turnCrank() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }
    @Override
    public void dispense() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }
}


public class SoldState implements State{
    transient GumballMachine gumballMachine;
    public SoldState(GumballMachine gumballMachine){
        this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
    }
    @Override
    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("Please wait,we're already giving you a gumball");
    }
    @Override
    public void ejectQuarter() {
        System.out.println("Sorry,you already turned the crank");
    }
    @Override
    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("Turning twice doesn't get you another gumball");
    }
    @Override
    public void dispense() {
        gumballMachine.releaseBall();
        if(gumballMachine.getCount() > 0){
            gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
        }else{
            System.out.println("Open,out of gumballs!");
            gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
        }
    }
}

public class WinnerState implements State{


    transient GumballMachine gumballMachine;
    public WinnerState(GumballMachine gumballMachine){
        this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
    }

    @Override
    public void insertQuarter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void ejectQuarter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void turnCrank() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void dispense() {
        System.out.println("You're a winner! You get two gumballs for you quarter");
        gumballMachine.releaseBall();
        if(gumballMachine.getCount() == 0){
            gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
        }else{
            gumballMachine.releaseBall();
            if(gumballMachine.getCount() > 0){
                gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
            }else{
                System.out.println("Open,out of gumballs!");
                gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
            }
        }
    }


}


上下文

public class GumballMachine extends UnicastRemoteObject implements GumballMachineRemote{

    State soldOutState;
    State noQuarterState;
    State hasQuarterState;
    State soldState;
    State winnerState;
    String location;

    State state = soldOutState;
    int count = 0;

    public GumballMachine(String location,int numberGumballs) throws RemoteException{
        soldOutState = new SoldOutState(this);
        noQuarterState = new NoQuarterState(this);
        hasQuarterState = new HasQuarterState(this);
        soldState = new SoldState(this);
        winnerState = new WinnerState(this);
        this.count = numberGumballs;
        this.location = location;

        if(numberGumballs > 0){
            state = noQuarterState;
        }
    }

    public void insertQuarter(){
        state.insertQuarter();
    }

    public void ejectQuarter(){
        state.ejectQuarter();
    }

    public void turnCrank(){
        state.turnCrank();
        state.dispense();
    }

    public void setState(State state){
        this.state = state;
    }

    public void releaseBall(){
        System.out.println("A gumball comes rolling out the slot..");
        if(count != 0){
            count = count - 1;
        }
    }

    public State getSoldOutState() {
        return soldOutState;
    }

    public State getNoQuarterState() {
        return noQuarterState;
    }

    public State getHasQuarterState() {
        return hasQuarterState;
    }

    public State getSoldState() {
        return soldState;
    }

    public State getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public int getCount(){
        return count;
    }

    public State getWinnerState() {
        return winnerState;
    }

    public void setWinnerState(State winnerState) {
        this.winnerState = winnerState;
    }

    public String getLocation(){
        return location;
    }

}

客户端

public class GumballMachineTestDrive {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /*GumballMachine gumballMachine = new GumballMachine(5);

        System.out.println(gumballMachine);

        gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
        gumballMachine.turnCrank();

        System.out.println(gumballMachine);

        gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
        gumballMachine.turnCrank();
        gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
        gumballMachine.turnCrank();

        System.out.println(gumballMachine);*/

        try {
            GumballMachine gumballMachine =
                    new GumballMachine("beijing",12);
            LocateRegistry.createRegistry(6600);
            Naming.rebind("rmi://127.0.0.1:6600/gumball", gumballMachine);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
        }
    }
}