bytes 转换为 str
str(b'XXX', encoding = "utf-8")
b'XXX'.decode('utf-8')
import chardet
# 查看原有变量的编码类型
# ret: {'encoding': 'ascii', 'confidence': 1.0, 'language': ''}
ret = chardet.detect(变量)
结果值= str(变量, encoding=ret['encoding'])
str 转换为 bytes
b=bytes(str1, encoding='utf-8')
print(b)
或
b=str1.encode('utf-8')
print(b)