java 利用Xstream生成和解析xml,知识结构:
1.Xstream简介;
使用限制: JDK版本不能<1.5.
虽然预处理注解是安全的,但自动侦查注解可能发生竞争条件.
特点:
简化的API;
无映射文件;
高性能,低内存占用;
整洁的XML;
不需要修改对象;支持内部私有字段,不需要setter/getter方法,final字段;非公有类,内部类;类不需要默认构造器,完全对象图支持.维护对象引用计数,循环引用. i
提供序列化接口;
自定义转换类型策略;
详细的错误诊断;
快速输出格式;当前支持 JSON 和 morphing.
使用场景
Transport 转换
Persistence 持久化对象
Configuration 配置
Unit Tests 单元测
隐式集合
当我们使用集合类时不想显示集合,只显示里面的元素即可.
使用隐式集合前:
<list>
<element />
<element />
<list>
使用隐式集合:
xstream.addImplicitCollection(Person.class, "list");
使用隐式集合后:
<element />
<element />
2.Xstream注解常用知识:
@XStreamAlias("message") 别名注解
作用目标: 类,字段
@XStreamImplicit 隐式集合
@XStreamImplicit(itemFieldName="part")
作用目标: 集合字段
@XStreamConverter(SingleValueCalendarConverter.class) 注入转换器
作用目标: 对象
@XStreamAsAttribute 转换成属性
作用目标: 字段
@XStreamOmitField 忽略字段
作用目标: 字段
Auto-detect Annotations 自动侦查注解
xstream.autodetectAnnotations(true);
自动侦查注解与XStream.processAnnotations(Class[] cls)的区别在于性能.自动侦查注解将缓存所有类的类型.
3.案例分析:
(1)同一标签下多个同名元素;
(2)同一标签下循环多个对象;
1.实体类:PersonBean
1 import java.util.List; 2 3 import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias; 4 import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamImplicit; 5 6 /** 7 *@ClassName:PersonBean 8 *@author: chenyoulong Email: chen.youlong@payeco.com 9 *@date :2012-9-28 下午3:10:47 10 *@Description:TODO 11 */ 12 @XStreamAlias("person") 13 public class PersonBean { 14 @XStreamAlias("firstName") 15 private String firstName; 16 @XStreamAlias("lastName") 17 private String lastName; 18 19 @XStreamAlias("telphone") 20 private PhoneNumber tel; 21 @XStreamAlias("faxphone") 22 private PhoneNumber fax; 23 24 //测试一个标签下有多个同名标签 25 @XStreamAlias("friends") 26 private Friends friend; 27 28 //测试一个标签下循环对象 29 @XStreamAlias("pets") 30 private Pets pet; 31 32 33 //省略setter和getter 34 }
2.实体类:PhoneNumber
1 @XStreamAlias("phoneNumber") 2 public class PhoneNumber{ 3 @XStreamAlias("code") 4 private int code; 5 @XStreamAlias("number") 6 private String number; 7 8 //省略setter和getter 9 10 }
3.实体类:Friends(一个标签下有多个同名标签 )
1 /** 2 * 用Xstream注解的方式实现:一个标签下有多个同名标签 3 *@ClassName:Friends 4 *@author: chenyoulong Email: chen.youlong@payeco.com 5 *@date :2012-9-28 下午4:32:24 6 *@Description:TODO 5个name 中国,美国,俄罗斯,英国,法国 7 *http://blog.csdn.net/menhuanxiyou/article/details/5426765 8 */ 9 public static class Friends{ 10 @XStreamImplicit(itemFieldName="name") //itemFieldName定义重复字段的名称, 11 /*<friends> <friends> 12 <name>A1</name> <String>A1</String> 13 <name>A2</name> 如果没有,则会变成 =====> <String>A1</String> 14 <name>A3</name> <String>A1</String> 15 </friends> </friends> 16 */ 17 private List<String> name; 18 19 public List<String> getName() { 20 return name; 21 } 22 23 public void setName(List<String> name) { 24 this.name = name; 25 } 26 }
4.1实体类:Animal(同一标签下循环对象实体1)
1 //测试同一标签下循环某一对象 2 public class Animal{ 3 @XStreamAlias("name") 4 private String name; 5 @XStreamAlias("age") 6 private int age; 7 public Animal(String name,int age){ 8 this.name=name; 9 this.age=age; 10 } 11 12 //省略setter和getter 13 }
4.2实体类:Pets(同一标签下循环对象实体2)
1 /** 2 * 测试同一标签下循环某一对象 3 *@ClassName:Pets 4 *@author: chenyoulong Email: chen.youlong@payeco.com 5 *@date :2012-9-28 下午6:26:01 6 *@Description:TODO 7 */ 8 public class Pets{ 9 @XStreamImplicit(itemFieldName="pet") 10 private List<Animal> animalList; 11 12 public List<Animal> getAnimalList() { 13 return animalList; 14 } 15 16 public void setAnimalList(List<Animal> animalList) { 17 this.animalList = animalList; 18 } 19 20 }
5.main函数示例1:toxml
1 import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream; 2 import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.json.JsonWriter.Format; 3 import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.DomDriver; 4 5 /** 6 *@ClassName:PersonTest 7 *@author: chenyoulong 8 *@date :2012-9-28 下午3:25:09 9 *@Description:TODO 10 */ 11 public class PersonTest { 12 13 /** 14 * @Title: main 15 * @Description: TODO 16 * @param args 17 * @return void 18 */ 19 public static void main(String[] args) { 20 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 21 22 PersonBean per=new PersonBean(); 23 per.setFirstName("chen"); 24 per.setLastName("youlong"); 25 26 PhoneNumber tel=new PhoneNumber(); 27 tel.setCode(137280); 28 tel.setNumber("137280968"); 29 30 PhoneNumber fax=new PhoneNumber(); 31 fax.setCode(20); 32 fax.setNumber("020221327"); 33 per.setTel(tel); 34 per.setFax(fax); 35 36 37 //测试一个标签下有多个同名标签 38 List<String> friendList=new ArrayList<String>(); 39 friendList.add("A1"); 40 friendList.add("A2"); 41 friendList.add("A3"); 42 Friends friend1=new Friends(); 43 friend1.setName(friendList); 44 per.setFriend(friend1); 45 46 //测试一个标签下循环对象 47 Animal dog=new Animal("Dolly",2); 48 Animal cat=new Animal("Ketty",2); 49 List<Animal> petList=new ArrayList<Animal>(); 50 petList.add(dog); 51 petList.add(cat); 52 Pets pet=new Pets(); 53 pet.setAnimalList(petList); 54 per.setPet(pet); 55 56 //java对象转换成xml 57 String xml=XmlUtil.toXml(per); 58 System.out.println("xml==="+xml); 59 60 } 61 }
xml效果图
1 xml===<person> 2 <firstName>chen</firstName> 3 <lastName>youlong</lastName> 4 <telphone> 5 <code>137280</code> 6 <number>137280968</number> 7 </telphone> 8 <faxphone> 9 <code>20</code> 10 <number>020221327</number> 11 </faxphone> 12 <friends> 13 <name>A1</name> 14 <name>A2</name> 15 <name>A3</name> 16 </friends> 17 <pets> 18 <pet> 19 <name>doly</name> 20 <age>2</age> 21 </pet> 22 <pet> 23 <name>Ketty</name> 24 <age>2</age> 25 </pet> 26 </pets> 27 </person>
5.2 main函数示例2:toBean
1 public static void main(String[] args) { 2 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 3 4 //toXml 5 // String xmlStr=new PersonTest().toXml(); 6 7 //toBean 8 // PersonBean per=new PersonTest().toBean(); 9 String xmlStr="<person>"+ 10 "<firstName>chen</firstName>"+ 11 "<lastName>youlong</lastName>"+ 12 "<telphone>"+ 13 "<code>137280</code>"+ 14 "<number>137280968</number>"+ 15 "</telphone>"+ 16 "<faxphone>"+ 17 "<code>20</code>"+ 18 "<number>020221327</number>"+ 19 "</faxphone>"+ 20 "<friends>"+ 21 "<name>A1</name>"+ 22 "<name>A2</name>"+ 23 "<name>A3</name>"+ 24 "</friends>"+ 25 "<pets>"+ 26 "<pet>"+ 27 "<name>doly</name>"+ 28 "<age>2</age>"+ 29 "</pet>"+ 30 "<pet>"+ 31 "<name>Ketty</name>"+ 32 "<age>2</age>"+ 33 "</pet>"+ 34 "</pets>"+ 35 "</person>"; 36 //用泛型的知识 37 PersonBean person=XmlUtil.toBean(xmlStr, PersonBean.class); 38 System.out.println("person=firstname=="+person.getFirstName()); 39 System.out.println("person==Friends==name1=="+person.getFriend().getName().get(0)); 40 System.out.println("person==Pets==name2=="+person.getPet().getAnimalList().get(1).getName()); 41 42 /* 43 //效果与以下方法类同,(以下代码较为直观) 44 XStream xstream=new XStream(new DomDriver()); //注意:不是new Xstream(); 否则报错: 45 46 xstream.processAnnotations(PersonBean.class); 47 PersonBean person=(PersonBean)xstream.fromXML(xmlStr); 48 System.out.println("person=firstname=="+person.getFirstName()); 49 System.out.println("person==Friends==name1=="+person.getFriend().getName().get(0)); 50 System.out.println("person==Pets==name=="+person.getPet().getAnimalList().get(1).getName()); 51 */ 52 53 54 }
6.XmlUtil工具类(toxml()和toBean())
1 /** 2 * 输出xml和解析xml的工具类 3 *@ClassName:XmlUtil 4 *@author: chenyoulong Email: chen.youlong@payeco.com 5 *@date :2012-9-29 上午9:51:28 6 *@Description:TODO 7 */ 8 public class XmlUtil{ 9 /** 10 * java 转换成xml 11 * @Title: toXml 12 * @Description: TODO 13 * @param obj 对象实例 14 * @return String xml字符串 15 */ 16 public static String toXml(Object obj){ 17 XStream xstream=new XStream(); 18 // XStream xstream=new XStream(new DomDriver()); //直接用jaxp dom来解释 19 // XStream xstream=new XStream(new DomDriver("utf-8")); //指定编码解析器,直接用jaxp dom来解释 20 21 如果没有这句,xml中的根元素会是<包.类名>;或者说:注解根本就没生效,所以的元素名就是类的属性 22 xstream.processAnnotations(obj.getClass()); //通过注解方式的,一定要有这句话 23 return xstream.toXML(obj); 24 } 25 26 /** 27 * 将传入xml文本转换成Java对象 28 * @Title: toBean 29 * @Description: TODO 30 * @param xmlStr 31 * @param cls xml对应的class类 32 * @return T xml对应的class类的实例对象 33 * 34 * 调用的方法实例:PersonBean person=XmlUtil.toBean(xmlStr, PersonBean.class); 35 */ 36 public static <T> T toBean(String xmlStr,Class<T> cls){ 37 //注意:不是new Xstream(); 否则报错:java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParserFactory 38 XStream xstream=new XStream(new DomDriver()); 39 xstream.processAnnotations(cls); 40 T obj=(T)xstream.fromXML(xmlStr); 41 return obj; 42 } 43 44 /** 45 * 写到xml文件中去 46 * @Title: writeXMLFile 47 * @Description: TODO 48 * @param obj 对象 49 * @param absPath 绝对路径 50 * @param fileName 文件名 51 * @return boolean 52 */ 53 54 public static boolean toXMLFile(Object obj, String absPath, String fileName ){ 55 String strXml = toXml(obj); 56 String filePath = absPath + fileName; 57 File file = new File(filePath); 58 if(!file.exists()){ 59 try { 60 file.createNewFile(); 61 } catch (IOException e) { 62 log.error("创建{"+ filePath +"}文件失败!!!" + Strings.getStackTrace(e)); 63 return false ; 64 } 65 }// end if 66 OutputStream ous = null ; 67 try { 68 ous = new FileOutputStream(file); 69 ous.write(strXml.getBytes()); 70 ous.flush(); 71 } catch (Exception e1) { 72 log.error("写{"+ filePath +"}文件失败!!!" + Strings.getStackTrace(e1)); 73 return false; 74 }finally{ 75 if(ous != null ) 76 try { 77 ous.close(); 78 } catch (IOException e) { 79 log.error("写{"+ filePath +"}文件关闭输出流异常!!!" + Strings.getStackTrace(e)); 80 } 81 } 82 return true ; 83 } 84 85 /** 86 * 从xml文件读取报文 87 * @Title: toBeanFromFile 88 * @Description: TODO 89 * @param absPath 绝对路径 90 * @param fileName 文件名 91 * @param cls 92 * @throws Exception 93 * @return T 94 */ 95 public static <T> T toBeanFromFile(String absPath, String fileName,Class<T> cls) throws Exception{ 96 String filePath = absPath +fileName; 97 InputStream ins = null ; 98 try { 99 ins = new FileInputStream(new File(filePath )); 100 } catch (Exception e) { 101 throw new Exception("读{"+ filePath +"}文件失败!", e); 102 } 103 104 String encode = useEncode(cls); 105 XStream xstream=new XStream(new DomDriver(encode)); 106 xstream.processAnnotations(cls); 107 T obj =null; 108 try { 109 obj = (T)xstream.fromXML(ins); 110 } catch (Exception e) { 111 // TODO Auto-generated catch block 112 throw new Exception("解析{"+ filePath +"}文件失败!",e); 113 } 114 if(ins != null) 115 ins.close(); 116 return obj; 117 } 118 119 }