1、MyBatis简介
1. MyBatis历史
1)MyBatis是Apache的一个开源项目iBatis, 2010年6月这个项目由Apache Software Foundation 迁移到了Google Code,随着开发团队转投Google Code旗下, iBatis3.x 正式更名为MyBatis ,代码于2013年11月迁移到Github
2)iBatis一词来源于“internet”和“abatis”的组合,是一个基于Java的持久层框架。 iBatis 提供的持久层框架包括SQL Maps和Data Access Objects(DAO)
2. MyBatis简介
1)MyBatis 是支持定制化 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射的优秀的持久层框架
2)MyBatis 避免了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集
3)MyBatis可以使用简单的XML或注解用于配置和原始映射,将接口和Java的POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通的Java对象)映射成数据库中的记录
其是一个半自动ORM(Object Relation Mapping对象关系映射)框架 Hibernant是全自动的
3. 为什么要使用MyBatis – 现有持久化技术的对比
1)JDBC
①SQL夹在Java代码块里,耦合度高导致硬编码内伤
②维护不易且实际开发需求中sql是有变化,频繁修改的情况多见
2)Hibernate和JPA
①长难复杂SQL,对于Hibernate而言处理也不容易
②内部自动生产的SQL,不容易做特殊优化
③基于全映射的全自动框架,大量字段的POJO进行部分映射时比较困难。导致数据库性能下降
3)MyBatis
①对开发人员而言,核心sql还是需要自己优化
②sql和java编码分开,功能边界清晰,一个专注业务、一个专注数据
2、开发环境准备
- 导入MyBatis框架的jar包、Mysql驱动包、log4j的jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
- 导入log4j的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
<appender name="STDOUT" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<param name="Encoding" value="UTF-8" />
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p %d{MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %m (%F:%L) \n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<logger name="java.sql">
<level value="debug" />
</logger>
<logger name="org.apache.ibatis">
<level value="info" />
</logger>
<root>
<level value="debug" />
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
</root>
</log4j:configuration>
3.创建一个测试表
-- 创建库
CREATE DATABASE test_mybatis;
-- 使用库
USE test_mybatis;
-- 创建表
CREATE TABLE tbl_employee(
id INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
last_name VARCHAR(50),
email VARCHAR(50),
gender VARCHAR(1)
);
4.创建一个实体类pojo.User
private int id;
private String last_name;
private String email;
private String gender;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLast_name() {
return last_name;
}
public void setLast_name(String last_name) {
this.last_name = last_name;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public User(int id, String last_name, String email, String gender) {
this.id = id;
this.last_name = last_name;
this.email = email;
this.gender = gender;
}
public User(String last_name) {
this.last_name = last_name;
}
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String last_name, String email) {
this.id = id;
this.last_name = last_name;
this.email = email;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", last_name='" + last_name + '\'' +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
'}';
}
5.编写一个Mapper接口dao.UserMapper
List<User> listUser();
6.创建MyBatis的全局配置mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 数据库连接环境的配置 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<!-- 数据源-->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_mybatis" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="123456" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper/user.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
</configuration>
7.创建Mybatis的sql映射文件user.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- mytatis 的接口映射文件-->
<mapper namespace="mapper.UserMapper">
<!-- id=listUser 必须和接口中的方法名相同-->
<select id="listUser" resultType="pojo.User">
SELECT
id id,
last_name last_name,
email email,
gender gender
FROM tbl_employee;
</select>
</mapper>
8.测试
package test;
import mapper.UserMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import pojo.User;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
public class UserTest{
SqlSession session = null;
@Before
public void Test0() throws IOException {
String conf = "mybatis-config.xml";
Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(conf);
//创建SessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sfb =new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sf = sfb.build(reader);
//创建Session
session = sf.openSession();
}
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception{
//Mytatis的查询方式
UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> users = mapper.listUser();
for (User user:users){
System.out.println(user);
}
session.close();
}
成功运行!!!