11. Container With Most Water

原题

Given n non-negative integers a1, a2, ..., an, where each represents a point at coordinate (i, ai). 
n vertical lines are drawn such that the two endpoints of line i is at (i, ai) and (i, 0). 
Find two lines, which together with x-axis forms a container, such that the container contains the most water.

Note: You may not slant the container and n is at least 2.

翻译

给定n个非负整数a 1, 2,…其中每个表示坐标点(i, ai)。
直线的两个端点是(i, ai)和(i, 0)。
找到两条直线,与x轴一起形成一个容器,这样容器就包含了最多的水。

嗯,先让我们来看一下题目。What a fucking thing is this?


莫慌,我们先上张图,帮助理解(PS画风直击灵魂)


大概意思就是,Y轴上的两个点,连成的线,与另外一根线加上X轴组合成一个容器,这些线能够组合成的容器中,装水最多的是哪一组,如图则为画阴影的部分,嗯如果这也算阴影的话,也就是点(1,a1)和(4,a4)组合成的容器。

例如int[] height = {3,5,7,9,10,2,1,12} 中能组合成最大容器的点为(4,9)和(8,12),返回的值则为(8-4)*(Math.min(9,12))=36

public int maxArea(int[] height) {
        int result = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < height.length; i++) {
            for (int j = height.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
                int temp = (j - i) * Math.min(height[i], height[j]);
                result = Math.max(result, temp);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

是不是很简单?抱歉,如果真这么简单,LeetCode也不至于分级属于中等难度了,拿去一提交,发现

Submission Result: Time Limit Exceeded

提交超时,看样子虽然题目中没有给出时间复杂度的要求,但是最终校验的时候还是会有这样的,既然这样,这套思路就不太能走得通了,因为双层循环优化下去,也无法有显著的性能提升。

既然这样,我们再回到上面那个例子int[] height = {3,5,7,9,10,2,1,12} ,如果让我们人工来找出最大的一组数据怎么会怎么找呢?

是不是先从左往右找到一个较大的数字,比如7,然后再从右往左找出一个较大的数,12,然后计算,再算下9和10就差不多了。既然这样,我们程序其实也可以这样写。

不过程序无法估计出一个合适的位置找到较大的数进行,那么我们就从最左边和最右边,找到一个数,但是这次不是两边都动了,我们前面计算的时候都知道,7算完12不动,因为12比7要大,如果12都不行的话,那么7就更不行了,毕竟都是移动一位。

至于原理,根据题目的特殊性,X每次移动都是"1",而Y的变化最少是"1",那么我们只需要确保每次计算的高都比上一次的要高,那么容器就可以确保是最大的。我们每次计算都是记录的两个最大高度的值,这样得到的结果也就是最大的,


文字说起来比较空洞,直接上代码吧

public int maxArea(int[] height) {
        int i =0, j = height.length - 1;
        int result = 0;
        while (i != j){
            int temp = (j - i) * Math.min(height[i], height[j]);
            result = Math.max(result, temp);
            if (height[i] > height[j])
                j--;
            else
                i++;
        }
        return result;
    }


点击查看更多解法



1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
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