Filter过滤器（2）过滤器链

概念

过滤器链简单理解就是几个过滤器连接在一起。

如上图，就过滤器功能来说，能够成功请求资源就必须要通过所有过滤器的过滤，如果有一个过滤器没有放行就无法到达下一个过滤器或者请求资源。

过滤器链执行顺序的结论

• 注解方式: Filter字母顺序或数字顺序，如AFilter优先于BFilter，Filter1优先于Filter2等。

• 配置文件Web.xml: filter-mapping在前的先。

关于过滤器链的实验

实验目的

1.探究过滤链的执行过程，并模拟过滤失败的情况
2.验证注解和配置文件两种情况下filter的执行顺序

步骤

1.创建两个filter，取名Filter1，Filter2；创建一个Servlet，取名Servlet
2.代码如下

@WebFilter("/*")
public class Filter1 implements Filter {
    public void destroy() {
    }
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入Filter1过滤器");
        System.out.println("Filter1放行");
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        System.out.println("Filter1执行结束");
    }
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
    }
}

@WebFilter("/*")
public class Filter2 implements Filter {
    public void destroy() {
    
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入Filter2过滤器");
        System.out.println("Filter2放行");
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        System.out.println("Filter2执行结束");
    }
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
    }
}

@WebServlet("/hello")
public class Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入servlet");
        System.out.println("请求资源ing...");
        System.out.println("返回资源");
    }

3.启动服务器，访问/hello，得到运行结果

4.根据输出信息，可以判断过滤链的执行过程如下：

过滤链的执行过程（Filter1，Filter2都放行）

过滤失败的情况

Filter1不放行，Filter2放行

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入Filter1过滤器");
        System.out.println("Filter1不放行");
        //chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        System.out.println("Filter1执行结束");
    }

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入Filter2过滤器");
        System.out.println("Filter2放行");
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        System.out.println("Filter2执行结束");
    }

运行结果

根据输出结果可知，若Filter1不放行，则不会再进入Filter2…,如下图

Filter1放行，Filter2不放行

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入Filter1过滤器");
        System.out.println("Filter1放行");
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        System.out.println("Filter1执行结束");
    }

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入Filter2过滤器");
        System.out.println("Filter2不放行");
        //chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        System.out.println("Filter2执行结束");
    }

根据输出结果可知，若Filter放行，Filter2不放行，则不会再进入Servlet,如下图

过滤链执行顺序验证

注解

由上面的实验可知，Filter1优先Filter2，将Filter2修改名字为AFilter,Filter1修改名字为BFilter，并且都放行。
输出结果如下：

原输出结果，Filter1优先Filter2.
实验结果：AFilter（Filter2）优先 BFilter（Filter1）

结论：
注解方式: Filter字母顺序或数字顺序，如AFilter优先于BFilter，Filter1优先于Filter2等。

配置文件Web.xml

1.将AFilter（原Filter2）改名字回Filter2，BFilter（原Filter1）改名字回Filter1。
2.删除二者的@WebFilter("/*")注解
3.在Web.xml对Filter1，Filter2进行配置

	<!--Filter1名称和所在包-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.Filter1</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <!--Filter1过滤路径-->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--Filter2名称和所在包-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>Filter2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.Filter2</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <!--Filter2过滤路径-->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Filter2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

输出结果

Filter1的 filter-mapping 在Filter2前，Filter1优先Filter2.
为了验证文章开头的结论，做以下对比实验：
（1）将Filter2的 Filter标签放在最前

 <!--Filter2名称和所在包-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>Filter2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.Filter2</filter-class>
    </filter>
	<!--Filter1名称和所在包-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.Filter1</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <!--Filter1过滤路径-->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

  
    <!--Filter2过滤路径-->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Filter2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

输出结果不变。

（2）将Filter2的 filter-mapping 标签放在Filter1的 filter-mapping标签前

<!--Filter1名称和所在包-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.Filter1</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <!--Filter2名称和所在包-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>Filter2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.Filter2</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <!--Filter2过滤路径-->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Filter2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!--Filter1过滤路径-->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Filter1</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

输出结果：Filter2优先于Filter1，得证!

结论：
配置文件Web.xml: filter-mapping在前的先。