虚函数+函数指针+虚表+多态

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base {
public:
    virtual void f() { cout << "Base::f" << endl; }
    virtual void g() { cout << "Base::g" << endl; }
    virtual void h() { cout << "Base::h" << endl; }
    virtual void print() { cout << "Base" << endl; }
private:
    virtual void func1() { cout << "Base:private_func1" << endl; }
};
class c1:public Base
{
public:
    virtual void f() { cout << "c1:f()" << endl; }
    virtual void f(int a) { cout << "c1:f(int a) = " << a << endl; }
    virtual void cvf() { cout << "cvf()" << endl; }
    virtual void print() { cout << "C" << endl; }


};

void hello() {
    cout << "hello 函数" << endl;
}
void printVirtualTable(Base& a);

typedef void(*Fun)(); //函数指针

int main() {

    c1 c;
    Base b;
    c.cvf();
    c.f();
    c.f(2);
    c.g();

    b.f();
   // b.f(1);//父类不可以调用子类重载的虚函数，更不可能调用子类的新函数

  /*  cout << "b虚表" << endl;
    printVirtualTable(b);*/

    //cout << "c虚表" << endl;
    //printVirtualTable(c);
    cout << "***********"<<endl;

    //Fun vtb = (Fun) * ((int64_t*)*(int64_t*)&b +1);
    //vtb();
    //cout << "((Fun**)(&b))[0][0]:" << endl;
    //((Fun**)(&b))[0][0](); //
   cout << "静态多态" << endl;
    c1 c2;
    Base &b2 = c2;
    Base* pb = &c2;
    b2.print();//print不是虚函数，则取决于调用者在定义时候的类型，而不是运行时候的=&c2,或者c2
    //pb->print(); //加上virtual后，则是动态多态，即print是取决于所给定的类型
    //c2.print();

    cout << "子类访问父类私有虚函数" << endl;
    c1 c3;
    //printVirtualTable(c3);
    
    //c3.print();
    //c3.func1();
   /* Fun pcfun = (Fun) * ((int64_t*)*(int64_t*)(&c3) + 4);
     pcfun();*/
    ((Fun**)(&c3))[0][4](); //((func**)(&a))[0] 代表对象 a 的内存空间中的第一个元素：指向虚函数表的指针；((func**)(&a))[0][0] 表示虚函数表中第一个函数名；
   
 



    return 0;
    //Fun pFun = NULL;
    //cout << "虚函数表的地址：" << (int*)(&b) << endl; //b地址强转为int*类型
    //cout << "&b = " << &b << endl;
    //cout << "虚函数表:第一个函数地址：" << (int*) *(int*)(&b) << endl;
    //printVirtualTable(b);

    /*int (*helloADD)(void) = (int(*)(void))(&hello);
    int x = helloADD();*/
}

void printVirtualTable(Base& a)
{
    cout << "虚表实际是指针数组， 位于实例的上方，主要是为保证虚函数表性能最高" << endl;
    Fun vtb = (Fun) * (int64_t*)*(int64_t*)&a;
    int i = 0;
    while (vtb!=NULL)
    {
        cout << "VirualFunction: " << ++i << endl;
        cout << "---->";
        vtb();
        vtb = (Fun) * ((int64_t*)*(int64_t*)&a + i);
    }
}

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