Linux frequently used commands

原文地址：http://matrix207.github.io/2013/01/05/linux-common-command/

 

shell terminal

• !! the previous command (Actually the latest command list with commandhistory)
  !-1 is equal to !!
!-2 is second command list with command history
!^ first parameter
  !:1 first parameter
  !:$ last parameter

• C-A/E jump to the head/end position
  C-U/K trim to head/tail
  C-P/N prev/next command
  C-R history command
  C-- zoom in
  C-L clear screen, same as clear
C-C cancel current command
  C-& cancel modify
  C-T switch
  C-Y paste
  C-W delete a word
  Below operation need to unset Enable menu access keys option of terminal.
  C-f/b move cursor forward/backward a character
  M-f/b move cursor forward/backward a word
  C-d delete a character forward
  C-h delete a character backward
  M-d delete a word froward
  C-M-h delete a word backward, the word was splited by any special symbols
  C-w delete a word backward, the word was splited by space symbol only
  C-] search character forward
  C-M-] search character backward

• <alt>+. get the last parameter of previous command

common command

• cd - switch to last dir
  cd switch to user home dir

• cp filename{,.bak} a fast method to bakup a file

• time command count the elapsed time

• mount -t cifs -o username=***,passwd=*** //ip/path /mnt/test mount network sharing dir
  mount -t iso9660 /mnt/iso/FC17-DVD.iso /mnt/dvd use for mounting ISO file
  mount --bind /root/project/myprj /root/x86_64_build/source mount a dir to another, use for across-compilation mostly
  mount -t tmpfs -o size=1024m tmpfs /mnt/ram
  mount memory as a w/r dir (use for high speed I/O operation, and disk space not enough)

• tar xvf example.tar.gz -C /root/test extract files to specific dir
  tar tvf example.tar.gz list the contents of an archive
  7z a -t7z -ptestpsw123 mytest.7z -r testfolder/* zip folder and encrypt it by 7z

• getconf LONG_BIT print the operator system bits
  grep -c "lm" /proc/cpuinfo if output is not 0, it is 64bit cpu

• du -sh du -s * |sort -n |tail

• free bg kill pid killall proc chmod 777 (r:4,w:2,x:1)(user,group,all)

• find / -name "***"
find path \( -name "*.h" -or -name "*.c" \) -exec grep -in "***" {} \;
find / -type d -name "gedit" search direactorys
  find . \( -path ./.git -o -path dir2 \) -prune -o -type d -print search sub-dir, except .git and dir2
  find /usr/include/ -path /usr/include/boost -prune -o -name '*.h' -print >1.txt
find . -name ".svn" | xargs rm -rf find .svn folder in current directory, and remove it.

• grep -r "abc" /root/source
grep -r --include "*.h" "date" path
grep -m 1 "model name" /proc/cpuinfo only display the first match line
  grep -i -E "abc|123" match abc or 123, -i ignore, -E extended regular expression.
  grep -r -l "main" . search all files under each directory, -l files-with-match, -L files-withou-match
  grep -w "linux" *.md match word

• cut -d"" -f1
  e.g:
  [root@localhost ~]# sensors |grep "Core "
  Core 0: +30.0°C (high = +76.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
  Core 1: +37.0°C (high = +76.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
  [root@localhost ~]# sensors |grep "Core " |cut -d"+" -f2 |cut -d" " -f1
  30.0°C
  37.0°C

• history|awk '{print $2}'|awk 'begin {FS="|"} {print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn|head -10

• ps aux | sort -nk +4 | tail

• uname -a

• rpm -qf /usr/bin/cp
rpm -ivp ***.rpm

• mkdir -p

awk and sed

• awk
  awk FS'' 'condition1{operator1}condition2{operator2}...' filename
  NR:number row, NF:number field
  awk 'NR==1{print $0}'
arr=($(awk -F'#' '{print $1,$2,$3,$4}' $conf_file))
ps aux | awk 'NR==1{print $0}$3>10{print $0}'
awk -F'<|>' '{if(NF>3){print $2 ":" $3}}' /tmp/test.xml parse xml file
  awk -F'=' '/HWADDR/{print $2}' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

• sed
  sed [options] 'command' file(s)
sed [options] -f scriptfile file(s)
sed -i '/'$prj'/{s/\(.*#.*#\)[0-9]\+/\1'$rev_new'/}' $conf_file
sed -n 10,23p filepath -n print the specific lines

VIM

• vimdiff a.log b.log diff two files
• vim
  :e reload current file
  :e filename add a file to editor
  :bn or :bp goto the next or previous buffer
  :bd! delete current buffer tag
  C-x or C-a minus or add 1 to current digit
  wm open or close netrw and TagList windows
  :set syntax=python manual set syntax language
  :nohl not highlight
  :set nu show number
  :set wrap
:set nowrap

git and svn

• git
  git clone url
git add .
git commit -m "***"
git commit file -m "***"
git push origin master
git status
git diff
git rm *** remove file
  git rm -r *** remove directory
  git pull
git mv *** ###
git remote -v

• svn
  svn list url
svn co url
svn status
svn update
svn info url
svn di svn log -r ***:****
svn log -l5 show 5 latest logs
  svn add ***
svn commit -m "***"

network

• ip addr
cat /sys/class/net/eth{0,1}/address display mac address
• python -m SimpleHTTPServer
• ssh root@172.168.1.101
• ssh -f -NC -D7070 user@shell.cjb.net ssh tunnel
  ssh -f -NC -D7070 user@216.194.70.6 ssh tunnel
• scp abc.sh root@172.168.1.101:/root/test upload file
  scp root@172.168.1.101:/root/test/abc.sh /root/mytest download file
  sshpass -p passwd scp abc.sh root@172.168.1.101:/root/test
• nmap ip
nmap -v -sn 192.168.1.1/24
nmap -v -sn 192.168.1.1/24 |grep 'report' |grep -v 'down' |awk '{print $NF}' scan local alive ip
• lsof -i:111
netstat -apn | grep 111
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 111 -j DROP forbid specific port iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 111 -j DROP
• curl ifconfig.me
• dig domain dig -x host
• netstat -nlp view service and listen ports
• wget url download file
  wget -m -p -np -k -E http://site/path/ mirror the site
  wget -A pdf,jpg -m -p -np -k -E http://site/path/ only download pdf and jpg file

os

• Fedora
  Alt+Tab switch windows
  Alt+` switch sub-windows
  Win windows key, use to show all application
  Win -> Space , search application

vimperator(Firfox plugin)

• vimperator
  :help Open help page
  :helpall Show all help on one page
  C-[ cancel command mode
  d close current page
  / search H Go back in the browser history
  gg Go to the top of the page G Go to the bottom of the page
  C-f forward page
  C-b backward page
  y Copy the current URL to clipboad
  p Open the URL from current clipboad contents in current buffer
  P Open the URL from current clipboad contents in a new tab buffer
  r Reload current page
  ZZ Quit and save the session
  C-n Go to the next buffer
  C-p Go to the previous buffer
  gi Go to input field
  g-u Go to the parent directory
  g-U Go to the root of the website
  c Start caret mode.Like vim’s normal mode, use h j k l to move, and pressv to start visual mode, then press y to copy select text
  gi Use [count]gi to Focus to the [count]th input field
  C-l Go to URL editor and select it
  C-t Open a new tab

Others

• patch
  diff a.c b.c > c.patch
patch a.c c.patch
• vmstat iostat ifstat nload top hexdump od
• dd if=/dev/zero of=$test_file bs=1M count=$dev_size 2>> $log
• > file.txt
• man ascii
• watch -n 5 command
• chroot .
• date "+%F %R:%S"
date "+%s"
• ldd file print shared library dependencies
• cat /proc/uptime | awk -F. '{d=($1/86400);h=($1%86400)/3600;m=($1%3600)/60;s=($1%60);printf("已运行%d天%d时%d分%d秒\n",d,h,m,s)}'
• fuser -u /home
fuser -v -n tcp 7070
• echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq enable sysrq
  echo "b" > /proc/sysrq-trigger reboot
  echo "o" > /proc/sysrq-trigger shutdown
  shutdown -h now shutdown
• dmidecode | more : view mainboard info
  cat /proc/cpuinfo : view CPU info
  cat /proc/pci : view pci info
  lspci : view PCI info
  cat /proc/meminfo : view memory info
  fdisk -l : view disk info
  df : view disk space useage
  cat /proc/interrupts: view interrupt request
  dmesg | more : view device debug message

 

Reference

• 你可能不知道的Shell
• 高效操作Bash
• Bash readline 使用技巧
• Shell大杂烩
• Check network connection command
• 50 Most Frequently Used UNIX / Linux Commands (With Examples)