Win32 C/C++ DLL代码如下(最终编译成dll.dll):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#pragma managed(push, off)
#endif
//简单的函数调用测试
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int Test(void)
{
return 34;
}
//输入输出字符串传递测试
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int TCharPara(char *in, int len, char *out)
{
memcpy(out, in, len);
return 0;
}
//结构参数传递测试
struct _XY
{
int x;
int y;
};
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int TStructPara(struct _XY *xy)
{
xy->x = 5;
xy->y = 5;
return 0;
}
//回调函数测试
typedef void (CALLBACK *CBFunc)(char *);
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int TCallback(CBFunc pf, char *out)
{
(*pf)(out);
return 0;
}
#ifdef _MANAGED
#pragma managed(pop)
#endif
调用Win32 C/C++ dll中函数的托管C#代码如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace TCallCDll
{
//用于测试结构参数传递,对应Win32 dll中的结构_XY
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct _XY
{
public int x;
public int y;
};
//Win32 C/C++ dll中的函数TCallback回调此函数
public delegate void OurDllCallBack(String iin);
//user32.dll中的EnumWindows函数回调此函数
public delegate bool SysCallBack(int hwnd, int lParam);
public class TCallCDll{
[DllImport("dll.dll")]
//
//iin: 输入参数
//oout: 输出参数
//
public static extern int TCharPara(String iin, int len, StringBuilder oout);
//测试结构参数传递的函数
[DllImport("dll.dll")]
public static extern int TStructPara(ref _XY xy);
//自己的dll函数回调测试
[DllImport("dll.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)]
public static extern void TCallback(OurDllCallBack f, String s);
//user32.dll中的函数回调测试
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int EnumWindows(SysCallBack x, int y);
}
public partial class callCDllMain : Form
{
public callCDllMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//提供给dll.dll中的TCallback回调的函数
public static void ff(String s)
{
Console.WriteLine(s);
}
//提供给user32.dll中的EnumWindows回调的函数
public static bool Report(int hwnd, int lParam)
{
Console.Write("Window handle is ");
Console.WriteLine(hwnd);
return true;
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
StringBuilder a = new StringBuilder(3);
TCallCDll.TCharPara("ABC", 3, a);
this.Text = a.ToString();
_XY xy = new _XY();
TCallCDll.TStructPara(ref xy);
this.Text += "x:" + xy.x + ", y:" + xy.y;
OurDllCallBack fff = new OurDllCallBack(ff);
TCallCDll.TCallback(fff, "This string is output in C&C++ dll call back function set in C# code/n");
SysCallBack cb = new SysCallBack(Report);
TCallCDll.EnumWindows(cb, 0);
}
}
}
C++(Win 32) | C# |
char** | 作为输入参数转为char[],通过Encoding类对这个string[]进行编码后得到的一个char[] |
作为输出参数转为byte[],通过Encoding类对这个byte[]进行解码,得到字符串 | |
C++ Dll接口: void CplusplusToCsharp(in char** AgentID, out char** AgentIP); C#中的声明: [DllImport("Example.dll")] public static extern void CplusplusToCsharp(char[] AgentID, byte[] AgentIP); C#中的调用: Encoding encode = Encoding.Default; byte[] tAgentID; byte[] tAgentIP; string[] AgentIP; tAgentID = new byte[100]; tAgentIP = new byte[100]; CplusplusToCsharp(encode.GetChars(tAgentID), tAgentIP); AgentIP[i] = encode.GetString(tAgentIP,i*Length,Length); | |
Handle | IntPtr |
Hwnd | IntPtr |
int* | ref int |
int& | ref int |
void* | IntPtr |
unsigned char* | ref byte |
BOOL | bool |
DWORD | int 或 uint(int 更常用一些) |
枚举类型 | Win32: BOOL MessageBeep(UINT uType // 声音类型); 其中的声音类型为枚举类型中的某一值。 C#: 用户需要自己定义一个枚举类型: public enum BeepType { SimpleBeep = -1, IconAsterisk = 0x00000040, IconExclamation = 0x00000030, IconHand = 0x00000010, IconQuestion = 0x00000020, Ok = 0x00000000, } C#中导入该函数: [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool MessageBeep(BeepType beepType); C#中调用该函数: MessageBeep(BeepType.IconQuestion); |
结构类型 | Win32: 使用结构指针作为参数的函数: BOOL GetSystemPowerStatus( LPSYSTEM_POWER_STATUS lpSystemPowerStatus ); Win32中该结构体的定义: typedef struct _SYSTEM_POWER_STATUS { BYTE ACLineStatus; BYTE BatteryFlag; BYTE BatteryLifePercent; BYTE Reserved1; DWORD BatteryLifeTime; DWORD BatteryFullLifeTime; } SYSTEM_POWER_STATUS, *LPSYSTEM_POWER_STATUS; C#: 用户自定义相应的结构体: struct SystemPowerStatus { byte ACLineStatus; byte batteryFlag; byte batteryLifePercent; byte reserved1; int batteryLifeTime; int batteryFullLifeTime; } C#中导入该函数: [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern bool GetSystemPowerStatus( ref SystemPowerStatus systemPowerStatus); C#中调用该函数: SystemPowerStatus sps; ….sps初始化赋值…… GetSystemPowerStatus(ref sps); |
字符串 | 对于字符串的处理分为以下几种情况: 1、 字符串常量指针的处理(LPCTSTR),也适应于字符串常量的处理,.net中的string类型是不可变的类型。 2、 字符串缓冲区的处理(char*),即对于变长字符串的处理,.net中StringBuilder可用作缓冲区 Win32: BOOL GetFile(LPCTSTR lpRootPathName); C#: 函数声明: [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] static extern bool GetFile ( [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)] string rootPathName); 函数调用: string pathname; GetFile(pathname); 备注: DllImport中的CharSet是为了说明自动地调用该函数相关的Ansi版本或者Unicode版本
变长字符串处理: C#: 函数声明: [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern int GetShortPathName( [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)] string path, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)] StringBuilder shortPath, int shortPathLength); 函数调用: StringBuilder shortPath = new StringBuilder(80); int result = GetShortPathName( @"d:/test.jpg", shortPath, shortPath.Capacity); string s = shortPath.ToString(); |
struct | 具有内嵌字符数组的结构: Win32: typedef struct _TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION { LONG Bias; WCHAR StandardName[ 32 ]; SYSTEMTIME StandardDate; LONG StandardBias; WCHAR DaylightName[ 32 ]; SYSTEMTIME DaylightDate; LONG DaylightBias; } TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION, *PTIME_ZONE_INFORMATION; C#: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] struct TimeZoneInformation { public int bias; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)] public string standardName; SystemTime standardDate; public int standardBias; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 32)] public string daylightName; SystemTime daylightDate; public int daylightBias; } |
具有回调的函数 | Win32: BOOL EnumDesktops( HWINSTA hwinsta, // 窗口实例的句柄 DESKTOPENUMPROC lpEnumFunc, // 回调函数 LPARAM lParam // 用于回调函数的值 ); 回调函数DESKTOPENUMPROC的声明: BOOL CALLBACK EnumDesktopProc( LPTSTR lpszDesktop, // 桌面名称 LPARAM lParam // 用户定义的值 ); C#: 将回调函数的声明转化为委托: delegate bool EnumDesktopProc( [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)] string desktopName, int lParam); 该函数在C#中的声明: [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] |
该表对C#中调用win32函数,以及c++编写的dll时参数及返回值的转换做了一个小的总结,如果想进一步了解这方面内容的话,可以参照msdn中“互操作封送处理”一节。
本以为这篇搜集整理的代码会是很不错的文章,花了一天时间,搜索到最后居然出来一篇叫做"C# 与 C++ 数据类型对照表"的文章.几乎囊括掉和大部分的数据了,太打击我了. 本文中有部分的数据没有测试.也有一些不错的是看了上百篇网文对比整理得来的.希望有帮助.
//C++中的DLL函数原型为
//extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool 方法名一(const char* 变量名1, unsigned char* 变量名2)
//extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool 方法名二(const unsigned char* 变量名1, char* 变量名2)
//C#调用C++的DLL搜集整理的所有数据类型转换方式,可能会有重复或者多种方案,自己多测试
//c++:HANDLE(void *) ---- c#:System.IntPtr
//c++:Byte(unsigned char) ---- c#:System.Byte
//c++:SHORT(short) ---- c#:System.Int16
//c++:WORD(unsigned short) ---- c#:System.UInt16
//c++:INT(int) ---- c#:System.Int16
//c++:INT(int) ---- c#:System.Int32
//c++:UINT(unsigned int) ---- c#:System.UInt16
//c++:UINT(unsigned int) ---- c#:System.UInt32
//c++:LONG(long) ---- c#:System.Int32
//c++:ULONG(unsigned long) ---- c#:System.UInt32
//c++:DWORD(unsigned long) ---- c#:System.UInt32
//c++:DECIMAL ---- c#:System.Decimal
//c++:BOOL(long) ---- c#:System.Boolean
//c++:CHAR(char) ---- c#:System.Char
//c++:LPSTR(char *) ---- c#:System.String
//c++:LPWSTR(wchar_t *) ---- c#:System.String
//c++:LPCSTR(const char *) ---- c#:System.String
//c++:LPCWSTR(const wchar_t *) ---- c#:System.String
//c++:PCAHR(char *) ---- c#:System.String
//c++:BSTR ---- c#:System.String
//c++:FLOAT(float) ---- c#:System.Single
//c++:DOUBLE(double) ---- c#:System.Double
//c++:VARIANT ---- c#:System.Object
//c++:PBYTE(byte *) ---- c#:System.Byte[]
//c++:BSTR ---- c#:StringBuilder
//c++:LPCTSTR ---- c#:StringBuilder
//c++:LPCTSTR ---- c#:string
//c++:LPTSTR ---- c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPTStr)] string
//c++:LPTSTR 输出变量名 ---- c#:StringBuilder 输出变量名
//c++:LPCWSTR ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:BOOL ---- c#:bool
//c++:HMODULE ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:HINSTANCE ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:结构体 ---- c#:public struct 结构体{};
//c++:结构体 **变量名 ---- c#:out 变量名 //C#中提前申明一个结构体实例化后的变量名
//c++:结构体 &变量名 ---- c#:ref 结构体 变量名
//c++:WORD ---- c#:ushort
//c++:DWORD ---- c#:uint
//c++:DWORD ---- c#:int
//c++:UCHAR ---- c#:int
//c++:UCHAR ---- c#:byte
//c++:UCHAR* ---- c#:string
//c++:UCHAR* ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:GUID ---- c#:Guid
//c++:Handle ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:HWND ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:DWORD ---- c#:int
//c++:COLORREF ---- c#:uint
//c++:unsigned char ---- c#:byte
//c++:unsigned char * ---- c#:ref byte
//c++:unsigned char * ---- c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] byte[]
//c++:unsigned char * ---- c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)] Intptr
//c++:unsigned char & ---- c#:ref byte
//c++:unsigned char 变量名 ---- c#:byte 变量名
//c++:unsigned short 变量名 ---- c#:ushort 变量名
//c++:unsigned int 变量名 ---- c#:uint 变量名
//c++:unsigned long 变量名 ---- c#:ulong 变量名
//c++:char 变量名 ---- c#:byte 变量名 //C++中一个字符用一个字节表示,C#中一个字符用两个字节表示
//c++:char 数组名[数组大小] ---- c#:MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 数组大小)] public string 数组名; ushort
//c++:char * ---- c#:string //传入参数
//c++:char * ---- c#:StringBuilder//传出参数
//c++:char *变量名 ---- c#:ref string 变量名
//c++:char *输入变量名 ---- c#:string 输入变量名
//c++:char *输出变量名 ---- c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] StringBuilder 输出变量名
//c++:char ** ---- c#:string
//c++:char **变量名 ---- c#:ref string 变量名
//c++:const char * ---- c#:string
//c++:char[] ---- c#:string
//c++:char 变量名[数组大小] ---- c#:[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr,SizeConst=数组大小)] public string 变量名;
//c++:struct 结构体名 *变量名 ---- c#:ref 结构体名 变量名
//c++:委托 变量名 ---- c#:委托 变量名
//c++:int ---- c#:int
//c++:int ---- c#:ref int
//c++:int & ---- c#:ref int
//c++:int * ---- c#:ref int //C#中调用前需定义int 变量名 = 0;
//c++:*int ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:int32 PIPTR * ---- c#:int32[]
//c++:float PIPTR * ---- c#:float[]
//c++:double** 数组名 ---- c#:ref double 数组名
//c++:double*[] 数组名 ---- c#:ref double 数组名
//c++:long ---- c#:int
//c++:ulong ---- c#:int
//c++:UINT8 * ---- c#:ref byte //C#中调用前需定义byte 变量名 = new byte();
//c++:handle ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:hwnd ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:void * ---- c#:IntPtr
//c++:void * user_obj_param ---- c#:IntPtr user_obj_param
//c++:void * 对象名称 ---- c#:([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.AsAny)]Object 对象名称
//c++:char, INT8, SBYTE, CHAR ---- c#:System.SByte
//c++:short, short int, INT16, SHORT ---- c#:System.Int16
//c++:int, long, long int, INT32, LONG32, BOOL , INT ---- c#:System.Int32
//c++:__int64, INT64, LONGLONG ---- c#:System.Int64
//c++:unsigned char, UINT8, UCHAR , BYTE ---- c#:System.Byte
//c++:unsigned short, UINT16, USHORT, WORD, ATOM, WCHAR , __wchar_t ---- c#:System.UInt16
//c++:unsigned, unsigned int, UINT32, ULONG32, DWORD32, ULONG, DWORD, UINT ---- c#:System.UInt32
//c++:unsigned __int64, UINT64, DWORDLONG, ULONGLONG ---- c#:System.UInt64
//c++:float, FLOAT ---- c#:System.Single
//c++:double, long double, DOUBLE ---- c#:System.Double
//Win32 Types ---- CLR Type
//Struct需要在C#里重新定义一个Struct
//CallBack回调函数需要封装在一个委托里,delegate static extern int FunCallBack(string str);
//unsigned char** ppImage替换成IntPtr ppImage
//int& nWidth替换成ref int nWidth
//int*, int&, 则都可用 ref int 对应
//双针指类型参数,可以用 ref IntPtr
//函数指针使用c++: typedef double (*fun_type1)(double); 对应 c#:public delegate double fun_type1(double);
//char* 的操作c++: char*; 对应 c#:StringBuilder;
//c#中使用指针:在需要使用指针的地方 加 unsafe
//unsigned char对应public byte
/*
* typedef void (*CALLBACKFUN1W)(wchar_t*, void* pArg);
* typedef void (*CALLBACKFUN1A)(char*, void* pArg);
* bool BIOPRINT_SENSOR_API dllFun1(CALLBACKFUN1 pCallbackFun1, void* pArg);
* 调用方式为
* [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
* public delegate void CallbackFunc1([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] StringBuilder strName, IntPtr pArg);
*
*
*/