双向链表常用操作的代码实现

双链表的常用操作：创建、遍历、插入、删除、判断等

部分运行效果图片:

完整的代码片段.

/************************************************
双链表的常用操作：创建、遍历、插入、删除、判断等
************************************************/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>  //提供malloc()和free()
#include<iomanip>
//#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;


typedef int DataType;
#define Node ElemType
#define ERROR NULL

//构建一个节点类
class Node
{
public:
	int data;
	Node * pre;
	Node * next;
};

//构建一个双链表类
class LinkList
{
public:
	LinkList();
	~LinkList();
	void CreateLinkList(int n);
	void TravalLinkList();
	int GetLength();
	bool IsEmpty();
	ElemType * Find(DataType data);
	void InsertElemAtEnd(DataType data);
	void InsertElemAtIndex(DataType data, int n);
	void InsertElemAtHead(DataType data);
	void DeleteElemAtEnd();
	void DeleteAll();
	void DeleteElemAtPoint(DataType data);
	void DeleteElemAtHead();
private:
	ElemType * head;
};

//初始化双链表
LinkList::LinkList()
{
	head = new ElemType;
	head->data = 0;
	head->pre = NULL;
	head->next = NULL;
}

//销毁双链表
LinkList::~LinkList()
{
	delete head;
}

//创建一个双链表
void LinkList::CreateLinkList(int n)
{
	ElemType *pnew, *ptemp;
	ptemp = head;
	if (n <= 0)	{	//当输入的值有误时，处理异常
		cout << "输入的节点个数有误" << endl;
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  //将值一个一个的插入链表中
		pnew = new ElemType;
		cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个值" ;
		cin >> pnew->data;
		pnew->pre = ptemp;				//将新建节点的头指针指向当前节点
		pnew->next = ptemp->next;		//将新建节点的尾指针指向当前节点的下一个节点
		ptemp->next = pnew;				//将当前节点的下一节点指向新建节点
		ptemp = pnew;					//当前节点指向新建节点
	}
	cout << "请输入数字进行选择：" << endl;
}

//遍历双链表
void LinkList::TravalLinkList()
{
	if(head==NULL || head->next == NULL) {
		cout << "链表为空" <<endl;
	}
	ElemType *p = head;
	while (p->next != NULL)
	{
		p = p->next;
		cout << p->data << " " ;
	}
}

//获取双链表的长度
int LinkList::GetLength()
{
	int count = 0;
	ElemType *p = head->next;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		count++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	return count;
}

//判断双链表是否为空
bool LinkList::IsEmpty()
{
	if (head->next == NULL)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

//查找节点
ElemType * LinkList::Find(DataType data)
{
	ElemType * p = head;
	if (p == NULL || p->next == NULL) {		//当链表为空时报异常
		cout << "链表为空!" << endl;
		return ERROR;
	}
	else
	{
		while (p->next != NULL)			//循环每一个节点
		{
			if (p->data == data) {		//返回指针域
				return p;
			}
			p = p->next;
		}
		cout << "未找到数据" ;			//未查询到结果
	}
	return NULL;
}

//在尾部插入指定元素
void LinkList::InsertElemAtEnd(DataType data)
{
	ElemType * newNode = new ElemType;	//定义一个Node节点指针newNode
	newNode->next = NULL;
	newNode->data = data;
	ElemType * p = head;
	if (head == NULL) {
		head = newNode;
	}
	else 
	{
		while (p->next != NULL)
		{
			p = p->next;
		}
		newNode->pre = p;
		newNode->next = p->next;
		p->next = newNode;
	}
}

//在头部插入指定元素
void LinkList::InsertElemAtHead(DataType data)
{
	ElemType * newNode = new ElemType;		//定义一个Node节点指针newNode
	newNode->data = data;
	ElemType * p = head;
	if (head == NULL) {
		head = newNode; 
	}
	newNode->next = p->next;
	newNode->pre = p;
	p->next = newNode;
}

//在指定位置插入指定元素
void LinkList::InsertElemAtIndex(DataType data, int n)
{
	if( n < 1 || n > GetLength() )		//输入有误报异常
		cout << "输入的值有误" << endl;
	else
	{
		int i = 1;
		ElemType * ptemp = new ElemType;		//定义一个新的节点
		ptemp->data = data;						//新建节点数据域赋值
		ElemType *p = head;						//创建一个指针指向头节点
		while (n > i)
		{
			p = p->next;
			i++;
		}
		ptemp->next = p->next;
		p->next->pre = ptemp;
		ptemp->pre = p;	
		p->next = ptemp;
		cout << "数据插入成功" << endl;
	}
}

//删除尾部节点元素
void LinkList::DeleteElemAtEnd() 
{
	ElemType * ptemp = NULL;		//创建一个占位节点
	ElemType * p = head;			//创建指针指向头节点
	if (NULL == p)
		cout << "链表为空" << endl;
	else
	{
		while (p->next != NULL)
		{
			ptemp = p;
			p = p->next;
		}
		delete p;
		p = NULL;
		ptemp->next = NULL;		
	}
}

//删除链表所有元素，保留头节点
void LinkList::DeleteAll()
{
	ElemType * p = head->next;
	ElemType * ptemp = new ElemType;
	while(p->next != NULL)
	{
		ptemp = p->next;
		p->next = NULL;
		p->pre = NULL;
		delete p;
		p = NULL;
		p = ptemp;
	}
	head->next = NULL;			//头节点的下一节点指向NULL
}

//删除指定元素节点
void LinkList::DeleteElemAtPoint(DataType data)
{
	ElemType * ptemp = Find(data);
	if (NULL == ptemp)
		cout << "未找到元素：" << data << endl;
	else if (ptemp->next == NULL)	
	{							//要删除的元素是链表最后一个节点
		ptemp->pre->next = ptemp->next;
		ptemp->pre = NULL;
		delete ptemp;
		ptemp = NULL;
		cout << "元素已删除" << endl;
	}
	else	
	{			//要删除的元素不是链表最后一个元素
		ptemp->pre->next = ptemp->next;
		ptemp->next->pre = ptemp->pre;
		ptemp->next = NULL;
		ptemp->pre = NULL;
		delete ptemp;
		ptemp = NULL;
		cout << "元素已删除" << endl;
	}
}

void LinkList::DeleteElemAtHead() {		//删除头部节点
	ElemType * p = head;
	if (p==NULL || p->next == NULL) {
		cout << "链表为空" <<endl;
	}
	else {
		ElemType * ptemp = NULL;
		p = p->next;
		ptemp = p->next;
		ptemp->pre = p->pre;
		delete p;
		head->next = ptemp;
		cout << "头元素删除成功！" << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	LinkList l;
	int i;
	DataType data;
	cout << "1.创建双链表" << endl;
	cout << "2.遍历双链表" << endl;
	cout << "3.获取链表长度" << endl;
	cout << "4.判断链表是否为空" << endl;
	cout << "5.查找元素" << endl;
	cout << "6.在链表尾部插入元素" << endl;	
	cout << "7.在指定位置插入元素" << endl;	
	cout << "8.在头部插入元素" << endl;
	cout << "9.删除尾部元素" << endl;
	cout << "10.删除所有元素" << endl;
	cout << "11.删除指定元素" << endl;
	cout << "12.删除头部元素" << endl;
	cout << "0.退出" << endl;
	do 
	{
		cin>>i;
		switch(i)
		{
		case 1:
			int n;
			cout << "请输入链表长度：" <<endl;
			cin >> n;
			l.CreateLinkList(n);
			break;
		case 2:
			l.TravalLinkList();
			cout << "请输入数字进行选择：" << endl;
			break;
		case 3:
			cout << "该双链表长度为：" << l.GetLength() << endl;
			cout << "请输入数字进行选择：" << endl;
			break;
		case 4:
			if(l.IsEmpty() == 1)
			{
				cout << "该双链表为空表" << endl;
			}
			else 
			{
				cout << "该双链表不为空" << endl;
			}
			break;
		case 5:
			cout << "请输入要查找的元素" << endl;
			cin >> data;
			if (l.Find(data) != NULL && l.Find(data) != ERROR)
			{
				cout << "要查找的元素的值是：" << l.Find(data)->data << endl;
				cout << "请输入数字进行选择：" << endl;
			}
			else
			{
				cout<<endl;
				cout << "请输入数字进行选择：" << endl;
			}				
			break;
		case 6:
			cout << "请输入要在尾部插入的元素" << endl;
			cin >> data;
			l.InsertElemAtEnd(data);
			cout << "请输入数字进行选择：" << endl;
			break;
		case 7:
			cout << "请输入要插入的元素的位置：" << endl;
			cin >> n;
			cout << "请输入要插入的元素" << endl;
			cin >> data;
			l.InsertElemAtIndex(data,n);
			break;
		case 8:
			cout << "请输入要在头部插入的元素值：" << endl;
			cin >> data;
			l.InsertElemAtHead(data);
			break;
		case 9:
			l.DeleteElemAtEnd();
			break;
		case 10:
			l.DeleteAll();
			break;
		case 11:
			cout << "请输入要删除的元素值：" << endl;
			cin >> data;
			l.DeleteElemAtPoint(data);
			break;
		case 12:
			l.DeleteElemAtHead();
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	} 	
	while (i != 0);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}