组合模式定义:允许将对象组合成树形结构来表现“整体部分”层次结构。组合能使客户以一致方式处理个别对象以及对象组合
1、例如通过将菜单和菜单项放到相同的结构中,我们创建一个“整体部分”层次结构,即3由菜单和菜单项组成的对象树
2、组合模式让我们能用树行方式创建对象的结构,树里面包含了组合以及个别的对象
3、组合包含组件,组件有俩种:组合与叶子节点元素、
4、组合使用户不再需要操心面对的是组合对象还是叶节点对象,他们只需要对整个结构调用一个方法并执行操作
5、组合结构内的任意对象称为组件,组件可以是组合也可以是叶节点
6、组合例子代码:组件抽象类、菜单项继承组件抽象类、菜单继承组件抽象类、服务员
组件抽象类:
/**
* 菜单组件抽象类
* 定义了一些主要的方法
*/
public abstract class MenuComponent {
/**
* 添加组件方法
*/
public void add(MenuComponent memuComponent) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* 删除
*/
public void remove(MenuComponent memuComponent) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* 获取子组件
*/
public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* 获取名称
*/
public String getName() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* 获取描述
*/
public String getDescription() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* 获取价格
*/
public double getPrice() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* 是否为素事
*/
public boolean isVegetarian() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* 打印
*/
public void print() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
菜单项:
/**
* 菜单项类
*/
public class MenuItem extends MenuComponent {
String name;
String description;
boolean vegetarian;
double price;
public MenuItem(String name ,String description,boolean vegetarian,double price){
this.name = name;
this.description = description;
this.vegetarian = vegetarian;
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
@Override
public boolean isVegetarian() {
return vegetarian;
}
@Override
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println(" " + getName());
if (isVegetarian()){
System.out.println("(v)");
}
System.out.println("," + getPrice());
System.out.println("--" + getDescription());
}
}
菜单类
/**
* 菜单
*/
public class Menu extends MenuComponent {
//组件集合
ArrayList menuCoponents = new ArrayList();
String name;
String description;
public Menu(String name,String description){
this.name = name;
this.description = description;
}
public void add(MenuComponent menuComponent){
menuCoponents.add(menuComponent);
}
@Override
public void remove(MenuComponent memuComponent) {
menuCoponents.remove(memuComponent);
}
@Override
public MenuComponent getChild(int i) {
return (MenuComponent) menuCoponents.get(i);
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println(getName());
System.out.println("," + getDescription());
System.out.println("------------------------------");
//打印组件内的信息
Iterator iterator = menuCoponents.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
((MenuComponent) iterator.next()).print();
}
}
}
服务员类及测试方法
/**
* 服务员
*/
public class Waitress {
MenuComponent allMenues;
public Waitress (MenuComponent allMenues){
this.allMenues = allMenues;
}
/**
* 输出菜单方法
*/
public void printMenu(){
allMenues.print();
}
/**
* 测试方法
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
MenuComponent breakFastMenu = new Menu("煎饼菜单", "Breakfast");
MenuComponent dinnerMenu = new Menu("午餐菜单", "Lunch");
MenuComponent cafeMenu = new Menu("咖啡菜单","Dinner");
MenuComponent dessertMenu = new Menu("甜点菜单" , "Dessert of course!");
MenuComponent allMenu = new Menu("所有菜单" , "All menus combined");
allMenu.add(breakFastMenu);
allMenu.add(dinnerMenu);
allMenu.add(cafeMenu);
//将菜单明细加入到某个菜单中
dinnerMenu.add(new MenuItem("西红柿炒鸡蛋","是通过西红柿和鸡蛋混合到一起,加入调料很好吃的,欢迎品尝",true,4.00));
//向菜单中加入另一个菜单
dinnerMenu.add(dessertMenu);
dessertMenu.add(new MenuItem("苹果沙拉","苹果和沙拉混合到一起",true,2.00));
//创建服务员
Waitress waitress = new Waitress(allMenu);
waitress.printMenu();
}
}