ListView的基础用法

1.自定义一个view的布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    >

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:textSize="20dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        />

</LinearLayout>

2.定义一个model类

package com.zanyzephyr.listviewtest;

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;

    public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getImageId() {
        return imageId;
    }
}

3.自定义适配器，处理view的创建方法和数据关联

package com.zanyzephyr.listviewtest;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.List;

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {

    private int resourceId;

    public FruitAdapter(Context mainActivity, int fruit_item, List<Fruit> fruitList) {
        super(mainActivity, fruit_item, fruitList);
        resourceId = fruit_item;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = (Fruit) getItem(position);
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }

        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }

    class ViewHolder {
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }
}

4.在活动中，配置ListView的数据源

（1）关键部分

        initFruits(); // 初始化水果数据
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);

        ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);

（2）完整的

package com.zanyzephyr.listviewtest;

        import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

        import android.os.Bundle;
//        import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
        import android.widget.ListView;

        import java.util.ArrayList;
        import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

//    private String[] data = { "Android", "iPhone", "WindowsMobile",
//            "Blackberry", "WebOS", "Ubuntu", "Windows7", "Max OS X",
//            "Linux", "OS/2", "Ubuntu", "Windows7", "Max OS X", "Linux",
//            "OS/2", "Ubuntu", "Windows7", "Max OS X", "Linux", "OS/2",
//            "Android", "iPhone", "WindowsMobile" };

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initFruits(); // 初始化水果数据
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);

        ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private void initFruits() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }
}

5.设置点击、长按事件

listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        listView.setOnItemLongClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName() + "被长按了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return true;
            }
        });