Spring-Cloud Bus消息总线 Zuul路由（反向代理）

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-20 21:26:30 发布

zax_java

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-20 21:26:30 发布

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文章目录

Bus
- 配置服务端集成 Kafka bus
- 配置客户端集成 Kafka bus
Zuul路由（反向代理）

Bus

在微服务架构的系统中，我们通常会使用轻量级的消息代理来构建一个共用的消息主题让系统中所有微服务实例都连接上来，由于该主题中产生的消息会被所有实例监听和消费，所以我们称它为消息总线。在总线上的各个实例都可以方便地广播一些需要让其他连接在该主题上的实例都知道的消息，例如配置信息的变更或者其他一些管理操作等。由于消息总线在微服务架构系统中被广泛使用，所以它同配置中心一样，几乎是微服务架构中的必备组件。Spring Cloud 作为微服务架构综合性的解决方案，对此自然也有自己的实现，这就是本章我们将要具体介绍的Spring Cloud Bus。通过使用 Spring Cloud Bus, 可以非常容易地搭建起消息总线，同时实现了一些消息总线中的常用功能，比如，配合Spring Cloud Config 实现微服务应用配置信息的动态更新等。
在这里插入图片描述

配置服务端集成 Kafka bus

pom.xml

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-kafka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-bus</artifactId>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

配置bus总线

# 配置bus总线
spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers=CentOS:9092,CentOS:9092,CentOS:9092

本机必须配置CentOS主机名和ip的映射关系，启动SpringBootConfigServer如下

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class SpringBootConfigServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootConfigServer.class,args);
    }
}

这个时候你Kafka中创建了一个springcloudBus

[root@CentOS kafka_2.11-2.2.0]# ./bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper CentOS:2181 --list
springCloudBus

配置客户端集成 Kafka bus

pom.xml

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-kafka</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-bus</artifactId>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

application.properties内容如下

server.servlet.context-path= /SpringCloudConfigClient

bootstrap.properties内容如下

# 配置bus总线
spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers=CentOS:9092,CentOS:9093,CentOS:9094

TestController内容如下

@RefreshScope
@RestController
public class TestController {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private int port;
    @RequestMapping
    public int test(){
        return port;
    }
}

ConfigClientApplication代码如下

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConfigClientApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class,args);
    }
}

此时，用户尝试更新git仓库的配置信息，然后在配置服务器上执行,就可以看到所有的服务器都会刷新自身的配置信息。
这个时候client一更新服务端自动更新curl.exe -X POST http://localhost:8080/actuator/bus-refresh/app1:7077

curl.exe -X POST http://localhost:8080//actuator/bus-refresh

如果用户想去更新指定的一些服务器可以指定服务器的名字和端口

curl.exe -X POST http://localhost:8080/actuator/bus-refresh/app1:7077

Zuul路由（反向代理）

架构图

路由是微服务架构不可或缺的一部分。例如/可能映射到您的Web应用程序，/api/users映射到用户服务,/api/shop映射到商店服务。 Zuul是Netflix的基于JVM的路由器和服务器端负载均衡器。

快速入门

pom引入zuul依赖

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

配置application.properties

server.port=8888

zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.url=http://localhost:8080

management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*

启动入口类添加@EnableZuulProxy注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulSpringBootApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulSpringBootApplication.class,args);
    }
}

用户可以访问http://localhost:8888/users/manager/user/8系统底层会将用户请求转发给后台http://localhost:8080/manager/user/8服务。

实现服务负载均衡

修改pom.xml文件添加Eureka依赖

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

修改application.properties

server.port=8888

zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.service-id=USER-SERVICE

management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*

# 配置Eureka
eureka.instance.appname=ZUUL-EUREKA
eureka.instance.instance-id=001
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=10

eureka.client.register-with-eureka=true
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://CentOSA:1111/eureka/,http://CentOSB:1111/eureka/,http://CentOSC:1111/eureka/

此时，用户可以尝试多启动几个USER-SERVICE的实例，测试zuul的负载均衡效果。

Cookies和Sensitive Headers

默认情况下Zuul会尝试去除HTTP请求头和cookies中一些信息，这样就导致后台系统获取不到某些请求头,用户可以关闭

server.port=8888

zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.service-id=USER-SERVICE
zuul.routes.users.sensitive-headers=
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*

# 配置Eureka
eureka.instance.appname=ZUUL-EUREKA
eureka.instance.instance-id=001
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=10

eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://CentOSA:1111/eureka/,http://CentOSB:1111/eureka/,http://CentOSC:1111/eureka/

集成熔断failBack

Zuul中给定路径的电路跳闸时，您可以通过创建FallbackProvider类型的bean来提供回退响应。

@Component
public class ZuulFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider {
    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        return "*";//表示对所有的Service提供failback
    }

    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
        System.out.println(cause.getClass());
        if (cause instanceof HystrixTimeoutException) {
            return response(HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
        } else {
            return response(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
        }

    }
    private ClientHttpResponse response(final HttpStatus status) {
        return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return status;
            }

            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return status.value();
            }

            @Override
            public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
                return status.getReasonPhrase();
            }

            @Override
            public void close() {
            }

            @Override
            public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
                return new ByteArrayInputStream("er ops!!服务器忙！".getBytes());
            }

            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
                return headers;
            }
        };
    }
}

记得放在fallback包中
在这里插入图片描述

ribbon重试

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.properties配置服务

server.port=8888

zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.service-id=USER-SERVICE
zuul.routes.users.strip-prefix=false

hystrix.command.USER-SERVICE.execution.isolation.strategy=THREAD # 设置线程池隔离
hystrix.command.USER-SERVICE.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=10000 # 设置hystrix超时

zuul.retryable=true # 开启重试策略
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.ConnectTimeout=100 # 设置连接超时时间
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.ReadTimeout=500 # 设置响应时间
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.MaxAutoRetriesNextServer=1 # 如果连接失败，尝试其他机器的次数
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.MaxAutoRetries=2 # 如果本次失败尝试次数

management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
management.endpoint.health.show-details=always

# 配置Eureka
eureka.instance.appname=ZUUL-EUREKA
eureka.instance.instance-id=001
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=10

eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://CentOSA:1111/eureka/,http://CentOSB:1111/eureka/,http://CentOSC:1111/eureka/

Hystrix限流

修改application.properties

server.port=8888

zuul.routes.users.path=/users/**
zuul.routes.users.service-id=USER-SERVICE
zuul.routes.users.strip-prefix=false

hystrix.command.USER-SERVICE.execution.isolation.strategy=THREAD
hystrix.command.USER-SERVICE.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=10000


hystrix.threadpool.default.coreSize=10 # 设置线程池
hystrix.threadpool.default.maxQueueSize=10 # 设置最大队列
hystrix.threadpool.default.queueSizeRejectionThreshold=10 # 设置最大队列限制

zuul.retryable=true
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.ConnectTimeout=100
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.ReadTimeout=500
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.MaxAutoRetriesNextServer=1
USER-SERVICE.ribbon.MaxAutoRetries=2

management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
management.endpoint.health.show-details=always
# 配置Eureka
eureka.instance.appname=ZUUL-EUREKA
eureka.instance.instance-id=001
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds=20
eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds=10

eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
eureka.client.healthcheck.enabled=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://CentOSA:1111/eureka/,http://CentOSB:1111/eureka/,http://CentOSC:1111/eureka/

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Spring-Cloud Bus消息总线 Zuul路由（反向代理）

文章目录Bus配置服务端集成 Kafka bus配置客户端集成 Kafka busZuul路由（反向代理）Bus在微服务架构的系统中，我们通常会使用轻量级的消息代理来构建一个共用的消息主题让系统中所有微服务实例都连接上来，由于该主题中产生的消息会被所有实例监听和消费，所以我们称它为消息总线。在总线上的各个实例都可以方便地广播一些需要让其他连接在该主题上的实例都知道的消息，例如配置信息的...
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