DM8备份和还原

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-06 16:03:05 发布

上官剑雄

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-06 16:03:05 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zbw_790626/article/details/107308961

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DM8的备份分为物理备份和逻辑备份：

为什么要做备份？防止软硬件故障、误操作、天灾(异地容灾)。且要使用物理备份和逻辑备份相结合来进行备份；

1、物理备份：备份的是数据文件

1.1 冷备份(不常用)：

冷备份的场景：

· 数据库服务是关闭的；

· 需要启动DMAP服务；

关闭数据库：

--root用户关闭：

[root@dm8alone etc]# systemctl stop DmServiceTEST.service

[root@dm8alone etc]# systemctl status DmAPService.service

--dmdba用户关闭：

[dmdba@dm8alone ~]$ cd /dm8/bin

--查看实例服务：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmServiceTEST status

DmServiceTEST (pid 6204) is running.

--关闭数据库实例服务：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmServiceTEST stop

Stopping DmServiceTEST: [ OK ]

--查看DmAP服务是否启动，如果没启动则启动：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmAPService status

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmAPService start

[dmdba@dm8alone dm8]$ mkdir backup

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$

--进入bin目录执行dmrman命令：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./dmrman

dmrman V8

RMAN> backup database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' backupset '/dm8/backup/20200712';

backup database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' backupset '/dm8/backup/20200712';

file dm.key not found, use default license!

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[43509]

BACKUP DATABASE [DAMENG],execute......

CMD CHECK LSN......

BACKUP DATABASE [DAMENG],collect dbf......

CMD CHECK ......

DBF BACKUP SUBS......

total 1 packages processed...

total 2 packages processed...

total 3 packages processed...

total 4 packages processed...

total 5 packages processed...

DBF BACKUP MAIN......

BACKUPSET [/dm8/backup/20200712] END, CODE [0]......

META GENERATING......

total 7 packages processed...

total 7 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

backup successfully!

time used: 00:00:01.182

RMAN>exit

备份后的文件如下图：

此时将数据文件移走（模拟故障）：

RMAN>restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/backup/20200712';

restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/backup/20200712';

file dm.key not found, use default license!

RESTORE DATABASE CHECK......

RESTORE DATABASE,data collect......

RESTORE DATABASE,database refresh ......

RESTORE BACKUPSET [/dm8/backup/20200712] START......

total 5 packages processed...

total 7 packages processed...

RESTORE DATABASE,UPDATE ctl file......

RESTORE DATABASE,REBUILD key file......

RESTORE DATABASE,CHECK db info......

RESTORE DATABASE,UPDATE db info......

total 7 packages processed...

total 7 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

restore successfully.

time used: 334.217(ms)

RMAN>

restore以后，再看数据文件，已经恢复回来了：

可见，restore的过程，其实就是把数据文件复制到原路径下的一个过程。但是，此时直接启动服务仍会报错，因为DM8比DM7多了更新db_magic这个步骤，如果不更新db_magic，会报以下错误：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmServiceTEST start

Starting DmServiceTEST: [ FAILED ]

file dm.key not found, use default license!

version info: develop

Use normal os_malloc instead of HugeTLB

DM Database Server x64 V8 1-1-78-20.04.28-121039-ENT startup...

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

License will expire on 2021-04-28

Instance TEST startup failed, execute 'recover database ... update db_magic' in dmrman.

--更新db_magic的步骤：

RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;

recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;

file dm.key not found, use default license!

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[43509]

EP[0]'s apply_lsn[43509] >= end_lsn[43509]

recover successfully!

time used: 00:00:01.051

RMAN>

此时，实例就可以正常启动了：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmServiceTEST start

Starting DmServiceTEST: [ OK ]

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$

由于冷备份在备份之后到出现故障这个时间段内的数据无法找回，而且需要停数据库服务，因此生产环境中不建议使用冷备份。

--冷备份也可以使用控制台工具来做：

选择备份还原后，新建备份即可：

比较简单，这里就不再赘述了，下面看看如何做热备份。

1.2 热备：生产环境大部分都是使用热备份

热备份的场景：

· 数据库是打开的；

· 需要启动DMAP服务；

· 需要启动归档；

--查看和启动数据库服务：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmServiceTEST status

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmServiceTEST start

--查看和启动DMAP服务：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmAPService status

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmAPService start

--启用归档、设置归档大小和最大值：

SQL> alter database mount;

SQL> alter database add archivelog 'DEST = /dm8/dmarch, type= local,file_size = 128 ,space_limit = 10240';

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database open;

--查看归档模式：

SQL> select arch_mode from v$database;

热备份可以备份数据库、表空间、表和归档；

--备份数据库：

SQL> backup database backupset '/dm8/backup/db_bak';

操作已执行

已用时间: 978.702(毫秒). 执行号:5.

--备份表空间：

SQL> backup tablespace tbs backupset '/dm8/backup/tbs';

操作已执行

已用时间: 820.071(毫秒). 执行号:6.

--备份表：

SQL> backup table sysdba.t1 backupset '/dm8/backup/t1';

操作已执行

已用时间: 936.143(毫秒). 执行号:8.

--备份归档：

SQL> backup archivelog backupset '/dm8/backup/arch';

操作已执行

已用时间: 806.614(毫秒). 执行号:9.

--假设表空间损坏或丢失：

通过以下步骤来进行还原：

--停掉数据库服务：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmServiceTEST stop

Stopping DmServiceTEST: [ OK ]

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$

--还原表空间：

RMAN> restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' tablespace tbs from backupset '/dm8/backup/tbs';

restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' tablespace tbs from backupset '/dm8/backup/tbs';

file dm.key not found, use default license!

RESTORE TABLESPACE[tbs] IN DB[/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini] CHECK......

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[44941]

RESTORE TABLESPACE[tbs] IN DB[/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini],dbf collect......

RESTORE TABLESPACE[tbs] IN DB[/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini],ts status and dbf refresh ......

RESTORE BACKUPSET [/dm8/backup/tbs] START......

total 2 packages processed...

total 4 packages processed...

RESTORE TABLESPACE[tbs] IN DB[/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini],UPDATE ctl file......

total 4 packages processed...

total 4 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

restore successfully.

time used: 446.610(ms)

RMAN>

--恢复表空间：

RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' tablespace tbs;

recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' tablespace tbs;

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

[WARN]tablespace TBS is corrupted(state: 2), restore or drop please.

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[44941]

RECOVER TABLESPACE[tbs] IN DB[/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini] CHECK......

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[44941]

EP:0 total 2 pkgs applied, percent: 12%

EP:0 total 4 pkgs applied, percent: 25%

EP:0 total 6 pkgs applied, percent: 37%

EP:0 total 8 pkgs applied, percent: 50%

EP:0 total 10 pkgs applied, percent: 62%

EP:0 total 12 pkgs applied, percent: 75%

EP:0 total 14 pkgs applied, percent: 87%

EP:0 total 16 pkgs applied, percent: 100%

Recover from archive log finished, time used:0.029s.

CMD END.CODE:[0]

recover successfully.

time used: 533.927(ms)

RMAN>

查看数据文件，已经恢复回来了：

--启动数据库服务：

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$ ./DmServiceTEST start

Starting DmServiceTEST: [ OK ]

[dmdba@dm8alone bin]$

注：DMRMAN不支持热备份。

--数据库、表和归档的热备份还原和恢复命令如下，大家可以逐一来测试一下：

--还原数据库：

RMAN> restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/backup/db_bak';

restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/backup/db_bak';

file dm.key not found, use default license!

RESTORE DATABASE CHECK......

RESTORE DATABASE,data collect......

RESTORE DATABASE,database refresh ......

RESTORE BACKUPSET [/dm8/backup/db_bak] START......

total 5 packages processed...

total 7 packages processed...

RESTORE DATABASE,UPDATE ctl file......

RESTORE DATABASE,REBUILD key file......

RESTORE DATABASE,CHECK db info......

RESTORE DATABASE,UPDATE db info......

total 7 packages processed...

total 7 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

restore successfully.

time used: 339.153(ms)

RMAN>

--恢复数据库：

RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/backup/db_bak';

recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm8/backup/db_bak';

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[44784]

RESTORE RLOG CHECK......

RESTORE RLOG, gen tmp file......

RESTORE RLOG FROM BACKUPSET [/dm8/backup/db_bak] START......

total 2 packages processed...

total 2 packages processed!

CMD END.CODE:[0]

EP:0 total 1 pkgs applied, percent: 100%

Recover from archive log finished, time used:0.009s.

recover successfully!

time used: 314.604(ms)

RMAN>

--更新db_magic

RMAN> recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;

recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;

Database mode = 0, oguid = 0

EP[0]'s cur_lsn[44788]

EP[0]'s apply_lsn[44788] >= end_lsn[44788]

recover successfully!

time used: 00:00:01.044

RMAN>

2、逻辑备份：本质上备份的是SQL语句

达梦的逻辑备份命令与Oracle的exp,imp命令相似，具体命令为：dexp dimp，可以通过dmexp help和dmimp help查看帮助：

dmexp help

dexp和dimp可以按照数据库，表，模式，用户四种方式来导入导出：

按数据库导出:

[dmdba@alone bin]$ dexp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/full.dmp full=y

按模式导出:

[dmdba@alone bin]$ dexp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/schemas.dmp schemas=test

按用户导出:

[dmdba@alone bin]$ dexp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/owner.dmp owner=test

按数据表导出:

[dmdba@alone bin]$ dexp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/t1.dmp tables=t1

按数据库导入:

[dmdba@alone bin]$ dimp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/full.dmp full=y

按模式导入:

[dmdba@alone bin]$dimp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/schemas.dmp schemas=test

按用户导入:

[dmdba@alone bin]$dimp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/owner.dmp owner=test

按表导入（表已存在）：

[dmdba@alone bin]$ dimp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/t1.dmp tables=t1 ignore=y

按表导入（表不存在）：

[dmdba@alone bin]$ dimp SYSDBA/SYSDBA file=/dm8/backup/t1.dmp tables=t1

在生产环境中，建议结合使用物理备份和逻辑备份来进行数据备份。

上官剑雄

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DM8备份和还原

DM8的备份和还原分为物理备份和逻辑备份：为什么要做备份？防止软硬件故障、误操作、天灾(异地容灾)。且要使用物理备份和逻辑备份相结合来进行备份；1、物理备份：备份的是数据文件1.1 冷备份(不常用)：冷备份的场景：·数据库服务是关闭的；·需要启动DMAP服务；关闭数据库：--root用户关闭：[root@dm8alone etc]# systemctl stop DmServiceTEST.service[root@dm8alone etc]# systemctl..
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