Python3应用Django开发业务模块和多字段搜索应用实践

初始化一个模块：博客

$ python3 manage.py startapp blog

app配置中添加 blog

打开/mydjango/mydjango/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'blog', #新添加
]

blog模块中，新加类型article、comment

打开 /mydjango/blog/models.py,添加内容：

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.
class Article(models.Model):
    # 无需写id，pymysql会自动生成自增长主键id
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='文章标题')
    content = models.TextField(verbose_name='文章内容')
    author = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='作者')
    time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='时间')


class Comment(models.Model):
    articleid = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='文章id')
    user = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='ls评论人')
    content = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='评论内容')
    time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='时间')

更新变化到mysql

$ python3 manage.py migrate
.
报错...
No migrations to apply.
  Your models have changes that are not yet reflected in a migration, and so won't be applied.
  Run 'manage.py makemigrations' to make new migrations, and then re-run 'manage.py migrate' to apply them.

这里提示先执行manage.py makemigrations，然后执行manage.py migrate

$ python3 manage.py makemigrations 
Migrations for 'blog':
  blog/migrations/0001_initial.py
    - Create model Article
    - Create model Comment

$ python3 manage.py migrate 
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, blog, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying blog.0001_initial... OK

执行成功，查看数据库

表名是以 模块_类型 定义的

添加路由配置

打开/mydjango/mydjango/urls.py，默认已存在下面配置，如果没有，则添加：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

添加模块注册配置

打开/mydjango/blog/admin.py，添加配置：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Article, Comment


# 文章模块
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'title', 'content', 'author', 'time']
    # 搜索字段
    search_fields = ('title', 'author',)

# 评论模块
class CommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'articleid', 'user', 'content', 'time']
    #搜索字段
    search_fields = ('user', 'content',)


# 注册模块url到后台
admin.site.register(Article, ArticleAdmin)
admin.site.register(Comment, CommentAdmin)

# 设置页面显示信息
admin.AdminSite.site_header = 'admin管理系统'
admin.AdminSite.site_title = 'django管理后台'

访问后台页面

浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin ，多了BLOG的管理模块

添加数据

搜索数据，article可使用标题和作者搜索（因为上面的admin.py配置的）

# 文章模块
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'title', 'content', 'author', 'time']
    # 搜索字段
    search_fields = ('title', 'author',)

使用标题搜索

使用作者搜索

评论模块相似,不在概述。