18.磁盘分区和挂载具体操作

如何增加一块硬盘：

1.虚拟机添加硬盘。

操作步骤如下

   

查看设备挂载情况：

命令：lsblk 或 lsblk -f

[root@zcf ~]# lsblk -f
NAME         FSTYPE      LABEL UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1       xfs               2bb8c0dc-046f-44fd-9645-d77a5f5fc216   /boot
├─sda2       LVM2_member       7FV4uw-sAPR-oN46-C2k9-OSxB-F9LB-1BnRah
│ ├─centos-root
             xfs               70152846-1a99-40fe-add9-7a5935ffa0e0   /
│ └─centos-home
             xfs               2a85adbf-8fef-4356-82fd-c7df947450be   /home
└─sda3       swap              e29530aa-67fe-45e7-b618-4e36c2d6fd4d   [SWAP]
sdb

2.分区

分区命令：fdisk  /dev/sdb

操作如下：

[root@zcf ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3ddcc309.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151):
Using default value 2097151
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1023 MiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

m：显示命令列表

p：显示磁盘分区如同（fdisk -f）

n：新增分区

d：删除分区

w：写入并退出

3.格式化磁盘

命令：mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1

[root@zcf ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=65472 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=261888, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@zcf ~]# lsblk -f
NAME            FSTYPE      LABEL UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1          xfs               2bb8c0dc-046f-44fd-9645-d77a5f5fc216   /boot
├─sda2          LVM2_member       7FV4uw-sAPR-oN46-C2k9-OSxB-F9LB-1BnRah
│ ├─centos-root xfs               70152846-1a99-40fe-add9-7a5935ffa0e0   /
│ └─centos-home xfs               2a85adbf-8fef-4356-82fd-c7df947450be   /home
└─sda3          swap              e29530aa-67fe-45e7-b618-4e36c2d6fd4d   [SWAP]
sdb
└─sdb1          xfs               c85d5bd3-5586-4ca4-acd2-b754223a6ade
sr0

 4.挂载

命令：mount  /dev/sdb1  /newdisk

[root@zcf ~]# cd /
[root@zcf /]# mkdir newdisk
[root@zcf /]# mount /dev/sdb1  /newdisk/
[root@zcf /]# lsblk -f
NAME            FSTYPE      LABEL UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1          xfs               2bb8c0dc-046f-44fd-9645-d77a5f5fc216   /boot
├─sda2          LVM2_member       7FV4uw-sAPR-oN46-C2k9-OSxB-F9LB-1BnRah
│ ├─centos-root xfs               70152846-1a99-40fe-add9-7a5935ffa0e0   /
│ └─centos-home xfs               2a85adbf-8fef-4356-82fd-c7df947450be   /home
└─sda3          swap              e29530aa-67fe-45e7-b618-4e36c2d6fd4d   [SWAP]
sdb
└─sdb1          xfs               c85d5bd3-5586-4ca4-acd2-b754223a6ade   /newdisk

删除命令：

umount /newdisk  或者 umount /dev/sdb1

5.永久挂载步骤：

通过修改  /etc/fstab  实现挂载：如图：

 添加完成后：执行mount -a 立即生效。