进入docker
root用户
sudo service docker start
帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的详细信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
镜像命令
------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker images #查看本地镜像
------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 8cf625070931 13 days ago 448MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 8 months ago 209MB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像id
CREATED 创建时间
SIZE 大小
#可选项
-a #显示所有镜像
-q #只显示镜像的id
-----------------------------------------------------
docker search [..] #搜索
-----------------------------------------------------
docker pull [..] :tag #下载指定版本镜像,不加:tag默认下载最新版本
-----------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
33847f680f63: Already exists #分层下载
5cb67864e624: Already exists
1a2b594783f5: Already exists
b30e406dd925: Already exists
48901e306e4c: Already exists
603d2b7147fd: Already exists
802aa684c1c4: Already exists
715d3c143a06: Pull complete
6978e1b7a511: Pull complete
f0d78b0ac1be: Pull complete
35a94d251ed1: Pull complete
36f75719b1a9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
----------------------------------------------------
docker rmi -f [imge_id] #按照id删除镜像
----------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker rmi -f c60d96bd2b77
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd
Deleted: sha256:c60d96bd2b771a8e3cae776e02e55ae914a6641139d963defeb3c93388f61707
Deleted: sha256:5c8c91273faab368a6d659156f2569fa9f40b0e0139222fdf9eef073df4b3797
Deleted: sha256:33d8196a776f42a16f10395b66f10f91443b1fb194bca2a9b8dfb0deff5babb8
Deleted: sha256:3ec63323025213e3cabf17ac7933506dc5520ec49226a9764418f77ea60d35c8
Deleted: sha256:1f129b005b51b049ac84ed0775b82096d480b7d9308a9a137697f37346562266
Deleted: sha256:80ed209bd0434faa1ce31fbaab8508124dddf8f6502c5736ee4b8e46697a8477
容器命令
说明:有了容器的镜像才可以创建容器,所以先下载一个centos镜像来作为容器
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name ="MyName" #给容器命名
-d #后台方式运行
-it #交互方式运行,进入容器内部查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口 -p 8080
-P #随机指定端口
docker run -it centos /bin/bash #进入容器内部交互
------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@82977d7523bb /]#
容器退出
exit #容器停止并退出
ctrl +P +Q #容器不停止 并退出
列出所有运行的容器 docker ps
docker ps #列出所有运行中容器
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d11c7656e367 centos "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes laughing_northcutt
-----------------------------------------------------------------
docker ps -a #同时列出历史运行过的
[root@localhost zcj]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8821f293cdc3 centos "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 17 minutes ago admiring_joliot
d11c7656e367 centos "/bin/bash" 19 minutes ago Up 19 minutes laughing_northcutt
098a9c1499de centos "/bin/bash" 23 minutes ago Exited (127) 22 minutes ago loving_carson
f7c6e7090ee3 centos "/bin/bash" 24 minutes ago Exited (127) 23 minutes ago xenodochial_yalow
b89238a3efe0 centos "/bin/bash" 10 days ago Exited (127) 10 days ago awesome_snyder
82977d7523bb centos "/bin/bash" 10 days ago Exited (127) 10 days ago peaceful_goldberg
7e820306e8fd centos "/bin/bash" 10 days ago Exited (127) 10 days ago wizardly_wozniak
80b75ce75e34 centos "/bin/bash" 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago brave_carver
a6a710e5772e d1165f221234 "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago laughing_curran
444ad32d3cd5 d1165f221234 "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago elegant_bell
7e168303e9ce d1165f221234 "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago priceless_stonebraker
01132392d559 d1165f221234 "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago inspiring_booth
删除容器
docker rm [容器id] #按照id删除,如果需要强制删除 加-f
docker rm $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器
启动和停止容器的操作
常用其他命令
docker run -d [容器镜像名] #后台启动
#查看日志
docker logs -t -f -tail [容器id]
#编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost zcj]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo jun;sleep 1;done"
#显示日志
docker logs -tf #显示所有日志
docker logs -tf [条数] #显示指定条数的日志
[root@localhost zcj]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 2d8e0eec3521
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
查看容器中进程命令
top命令
docker top [容器id]
[root@localhost zcj]# docker top 2d8e0eec3521
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 73008 72988 0 00:37 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo jun;sleep 1;done
root 74223 73008 0 00:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像元数据
[root@localhost zcj]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2d8e0eec3521 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes affectionate_thompson
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker inspect 2d8e0eec3521
[
{
"Id": "2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55",
"Created": "2021-08-23T07:37:01.153383652Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo jun;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 73008,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-08-23T07:37:01.59130643Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55-json.log",
"Name": "/affectionate_thompson",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1273a1aae953df001eef1a07f76772eeaed98b907935492f1c1bd9699a5f8f54-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9e8b5b830e04d8d032cb4956e5de63c068e616d23677624261d6c123c985404b/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1273a1aae953df001eef1a07f76772eeaed98b907935492f1c1bd9699a5f8f54/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1273a1aae953df001eef1a07f76772eeaed98b907935492f1c1bd9699a5f8f54/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1273a1aae953df001eef1a07f76772eeaed98b907935492f1c1bd9699a5f8f54/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "2d8e0eec3521",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo jun;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "00b11b4a6532e66cc963ca6d6151869af8074f3e09796e965d234a76241df2ac",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/00b11b4a6532",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "da34e20d46e67f8684622738bd321b5998ff0ebba7614a95e3ea31c3bdb3d2b5",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "09cd8372afd0096ca62cb2c85b32e2657338b9909aed16eef6590c741c9249df",
"EndpointID": "da34e20d46e67f8684622738bd321b5998ff0ebba7614a95e3ea31c3bdb3d2b5",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@localhost zcj]#
进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器是在后台运行的,有时需要进入容器 修改一些配置
#命令一
docker exec [容器id] [bashshell]#进入容器的终端
-------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2d8e0eec3521 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes affectionate_thompson
[root@localhost zcj]# docker exec -it 2d8e0eec3521 /bin/bash
[root@2d8e0eec3521 /]#
#命令二
docker attach#进入容器正在执行的终端
-----------------------------------------------------
从容器中拷贝文件到主机
docker cp [容器id:容器内路径] [目的路径]
-------------------
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cd256620f01d centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes nifty_tu
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach cd256620f01d
[root@cd256620f01d /]# cd /home
[root@cd256620f01d home]# touch test.java
[root@cd256620f01d home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp cd256620f01d:/home/test.java /home
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Documents Downloads kuangshen.java Music original-ks.cfg Pictures Public Templates Videos
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
test.java zcj
[root@localhost home]#