Docker 基本命令

进入docker

root用户
sudo service docker start

帮助命令

docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的详细信息,包括镜像和容器的数量

镜像命令

------------------------------------------------------------------------
docker images #查看本地镜像
------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       8cf625070931   13 days ago    448MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    300e315adb2f   8 months ago   209MB

#解释
REPOSITORY     			镜像的仓库
TAG     				镜像的标签
IMAGE ID  				镜像id
CREATED      			创建时间
SIZE  					大小
#可选项
-a #显示所有镜像
-q #只显示镜像的id

-----------------------------------------------------
docker search [..] #搜索
-----------------------------------------------------
docker pull [..] :tag #下载指定版本镜像,不加:tag默认下载最新版本
-----------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
33847f680f63: Already exists #分层下载
5cb67864e624: Already exists 
1a2b594783f5: Already exists 
b30e406dd925: Already exists 
48901e306e4c: Already exists 
603d2b7147fd: Already exists 
802aa684c1c4: Already exists 
715d3c143a06: Pull complete 
6978e1b7a511: Pull complete 
f0d78b0ac1be: Pull complete 
35a94d251ed1: Pull complete 
36f75719b1a9: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
----------------------------------------------------
docker rmi -f [imge_id] #按照id删除镜像
----------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker rmi -f c60d96bd2b77
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd
Deleted: sha256:c60d96bd2b771a8e3cae776e02e55ae914a6641139d963defeb3c93388f61707
Deleted: sha256:5c8c91273faab368a6d659156f2569fa9f40b0e0139222fdf9eef073df4b3797
Deleted: sha256:33d8196a776f42a16f10395b66f10f91443b1fb194bca2a9b8dfb0deff5babb8
Deleted: sha256:3ec63323025213e3cabf17ac7933506dc5520ec49226a9764418f77ea60d35c8
Deleted: sha256:1f129b005b51b049ac84ed0775b82096d480b7d9308a9a137697f37346562266
Deleted: sha256:80ed209bd0434faa1ce31fbaab8508124dddf8f6502c5736ee4b8e46697a8477


容器命令

说明:有了容器的镜像才可以创建容器,所以先下载一个centos镜像来作为容器

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name ="MyName" #给容器命名
-d #后台方式运行
-it #交互方式运行,进入容器内部查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口 -p 8080
-P #随机指定端口 
docker run -it centos /bin/bash  #进入容器内部交互
------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@82977d7523bb /]# 

容器退出

exit  #容器停止并退出
ctrl +P +Q #容器不停止 并退出

列出所有运行的容器 docker ps

 docker ps #列出所有运行中容器
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
d11c7656e367   centos    "/bin/bash"   14 minutes ago   Up 14 minutes             laughing_northcutt
-----------------------------------------------------------------
docker ps -a   #同时列出历史运行过的
[root@localhost zcj]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
8821f293cdc3   centos         "/bin/bash"   18 minutes ago   Exited (0) 17 minutes ago               admiring_joliot
d11c7656e367   centos         "/bin/bash"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes                           laughing_northcutt
098a9c1499de   centos         "/bin/bash"   23 minutes ago   Exited (127) 22 minutes ago             loving_carson
f7c6e7090ee3   centos         "/bin/bash"   24 minutes ago   Exited (127) 23 minutes ago             xenodochial_yalow
b89238a3efe0   centos         "/bin/bash"   10 days ago      Exited (127) 10 days ago                awesome_snyder
82977d7523bb   centos         "/bin/bash"   10 days ago      Exited (127) 10 days ago                peaceful_goldberg
7e820306e8fd   centos         "/bin/bash"   10 days ago      Exited (127) 10 days ago                wizardly_wozniak
80b75ce75e34   centos         "/bin/bash"   2 weeks ago      Exited (0) 2 weeks ago                  brave_carver
a6a710e5772e   d1165f221234   "/hello"      3 weeks ago      Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                  laughing_curran
444ad32d3cd5   d1165f221234   "/hello"      3 weeks ago      Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                  elegant_bell
7e168303e9ce   d1165f221234   "/hello"      3 weeks ago      Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                  priceless_stonebraker
01132392d559   d1165f221234   "/hello"      3 weeks ago      Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                  inspiring_booth


删除容器

docker rm [容器id] #按照id删除,如果需要强制删除 加-f
docker rm $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器

启动和停止容器的操作

常用其他命令

docker run -d [容器镜像名] #后台启动
#查看日志
docker logs -t -f -tail [容器id]
#编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost zcj]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo jun;sleep 1;done"
#显示日志
docker logs -tf  #显示所有日志
docker logs -tf [条数] #显示指定条数的日志
[root@localhost zcj]# docker logs -tf --tail 10  2d8e0eec3521
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun
2021-08-23T07:43:33.161477819Z jun

查看容器中进程命令

top命令 
docker top [容器id]
[root@localhost zcj]# docker top 2d8e0eec3521
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                73008               72988               0                   00:37               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo jun;sleep 1;done
root                74223               73008               0                   00:46               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1


查看镜像元数据

[root@localhost zcj]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
2d8e0eec3521   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   13 minutes ago   Up 13 minutes             affectionate_thompson
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker inspect 2d8e0eec3521
[
    {
        "Id": "2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55",
        "Created": "2021-08-23T07:37:01.153383652Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo jun;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 73008,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-08-23T07:37:01.59130643Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55/2d8e0eec3521818e6dbb528220713c18ab4a7f6681493e8eda7bfbbf22be2b55-json.log",
        "Name": "/affectionate_thompson",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1273a1aae953df001eef1a07f76772eeaed98b907935492f1c1bd9699a5f8f54-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9e8b5b830e04d8d032cb4956e5de63c068e616d23677624261d6c123c985404b/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1273a1aae953df001eef1a07f76772eeaed98b907935492f1c1bd9699a5f8f54/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1273a1aae953df001eef1a07f76772eeaed98b907935492f1c1bd9699a5f8f54/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1273a1aae953df001eef1a07f76772eeaed98b907935492f1c1bd9699a5f8f54/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "2d8e0eec3521",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo jun;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "00b11b4a6532e66cc963ca6d6151869af8074f3e09796e965d234a76241df2ac",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/00b11b4a6532",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "da34e20d46e67f8684622738bd321b5998ff0ebba7614a95e3ea31c3bdb3d2b5",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "09cd8372afd0096ca62cb2c85b32e2657338b9909aed16eef6590c741c9249df",
                    "EndpointID": "da34e20d46e67f8684622738bd321b5998ff0ebba7614a95e3ea31c3bdb3d2b5",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@localhost zcj]# 

进入当前正在运行的容器

#我们通常容器是在后台运行的,有时需要进入容器 修改一些配置
#命令一
docker exec [容器id] [bashshell]#进入容器的终端
-------------------------------
[root@localhost zcj]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
2d8e0eec3521   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   21 minutes ago   Up 21 minutes             affectionate_thompson
[root@localhost zcj]# docker exec -it 2d8e0eec3521 /bin/bash
[root@2d8e0eec3521 /]# 
#命令二
docker attach#进入容器正在执行的终端
-----------------------------------------------------

从容器中拷贝文件到主机

docker cp [容器id:容器内路径] [目的路径]
-------------------
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
cd256620f01d   centos    "/bin/bash"   9 minutes ago   Up 9 minutes             nifty_tu
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach cd256620f01d
[root@cd256620f01d /]# cd /home
[root@cd256620f01d home]# touch test.java
[root@cd256620f01d home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp cd256620f01d:/home/test.java /home
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  kuangshen.java  Music  original-ks.cfg  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
test.java  zcj
[root@localhost home]# 

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