DAY27：leetcode #18 4Sum

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c, and d in S such that a + b + c + d = target? Find all unique quadruplets in the array which gives the sum of target.

Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate quadruplets.

For example, given array S = [1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2], and target = 0.

A solution set is:
[
  [-1,  0, 0, 1],
  [-2, -1, 1, 2],
  [-2,  0, 0, 2]
]

Subscribe to see which companies asked this question

class Solution(object):
    def fourSum(self, nums, target):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type target: int
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        tree = {}
        nums.sort()
        result_set = set()
        result = []
        for i in range(len(nums) - 1):
            for j in range(i + 1,len(nums)):
                tree.setdefault(nums[i] + nums[j], []).append(set([i, j]))
        for i in tree:
            for item_i in tree.get(i , []):
                for item_j in tree.get(target - i, []):
                    set_temp = item_i | item_j
                    if len(set_temp) == 4:
                        result_set.add(tuple(sorted([nums[m] for m in set_temp])))
        for r in result_set:
            result.append(list(r))
        return result

需要用到哈希表的思路，这样可以空间换时间，以增加空间复杂度的代价来降低时间复杂度。首先建立一个字典dict，字典的key值为数组中每两个元素的和，每个key对应的value为这两个元素的下标组成的元组，元组不一定是唯一的。如对于num=[1,2,3,2]来说，dict={3:[(0,1),(0,3)], 4:[(0,2),(1,3)], 5:[(1,2),(2,3)]}。这样就可以检查target-key这个值在不在dict的key值中，如果target-key在dict中并且下标符合要求，那么就找到了这样的一组解。由于需要去重，这里选用set()类型的数据结构，即无序无重复元素集。最后将每个找出来的解(set()类型)转换成list类型输出即可。