oracle导出表内数据为txt文本

一、

教你一招不用编程序的:
1: 在pl/sql dev里面把这个表的内容SELECT出来;
2:拷贝,复制到EXCEL中
3:把EXCEL文件另存为 .CSV文件
4:用记事本把.CSV文件打开!
出来了

----------------太傻蛋了

 

二、

set linesize 1000
set pagesize 0
set echo off

set termout off
set heading off

set feedback off
spool c:\test\try2.txt
select id||','||user_name||','||age  from us;
spool off
/

------------------------生成的txt需要掐头去尾，对超大表没法搞

 

三、使用utl_file包

#首先声明存储生成txt文件的目录，注意oracle要有写权限，其权限不能由自己赋给自己，必须由sysbas赋给

create directory DIR_DUMP as '/home/oracle/';

conn / as sysdba

grant read,write on directory dir_dump to psbc;   (或者是public;)

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE xixi
  IS
declare testjiao_handle UTL_FILE.file_type;
BEGIN
  testjiao_handle := UTL_FILE.FOPEN('DIR_DUMP','testjiao.txt','w');
    FOR x IN (SELECT * FROM TESTJIAO) LOOP
      UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(testjiao_handle,x.ID || ',' || x.RQ ||',');
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SUBSTR(SQLERRM,1,2000));
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(testjiao_handle);
END;
/

 

#执行发现编译未成功

show error

发现testjiao_handle UTL_FILE.file_type，已经写到命名块里了，不需要declare了

 

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE xixi
IS
testjiao_handle UTL_FILE.file_type;
BEGIN
  testjiao_handle := UTL_FILE.FOPEN('DIR_DUMP','testjiao.txt','w');
    FOR x IN (SELECT * FROM TESTJIAO) LOOP
      UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(testjiao_handle,x.ID || ',' || x.RQ ||',');
    END LOOP;
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SUBSTR(SQLERRM,1,2000));
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(testjiao_handle);
END;
/

 

执行成功了

exec xixi

txt文件也生成了，但是里面没有数据。为什么？

因为把 Fclose写进异常里了，必须退出这个session，才会写进txt文件。

exit

发现txt有数据了

因为退出以后    那个  Fopen  就自动关了  否则 那个文件一直是被它打开并没有关闭

 

###还要继续完善这个存储过程，要把 Fclose 拿出来

 

###########################################################

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE xixi
 IS
testjiao_handle UTL_FILE.file_type;
BEGIN
  testjiao_handle := UTL_FILE.FOPEN('DIR_DUMP','testjiao.txt','w');
    FOR x IN (SELECT * FROM TESTJIAO) LOOP
      UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(testjiao_handle,x.ID || ',' || x.RQ ||',');
    END LOOP;
      UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(testjiao_handle);
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SUBSTR(SQLERRM,1,2000));
END;
/

############################################################

exec xixi

more testjiao.txt

1,10-NOV-09,
2,20-DEC-10,
3,15-SEP-10,

这次真正ok,了。

  

#可查看directory里全部定义路径

select * from dba_directories;

drop directory exp_dir;

 

 

最后转下

UTL_File的使用

Create directory让我们可以在Oracle数据库中灵活的对文件进行读写操作，极大的提高了Oracle的易用性和可扩展性。
其语法为:
CREATE [OR REPLACE] DIRECTORY directory AS 'pathname';

本案例具体创建如下:



create or replace directory exp_dir as '/tmp';


目录创建以后，就可以把读写权限授予特定用户，具体语法如下:
GRANT READ[,WRITE] ON DIRECTORY directory TO username;

例如:



grant read, write on directory exp_dir to eygle;


此时用户eygle就拥有了对该目录的读写权限。

让我们看一个简单的测试:



SQL> create or replace directory UTL_FILE_DIR as '/opt/oracle/utl_file';


Directory created.

SQL> declare
  2    fhandle utl_file.file_type;
  3  begin
  4    fhandle := utl_file.fopen('UTL_FILE_DIR', 'example.txt', 'w');
  5    utl_file.put_line(fhandle , 'eygle test write one');
  6    utl_file.put_line(fhandle , 'eygle test write two');
  7    utl_file.fclose(fhandle);
  8  end;
  9  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> !
[oracle@jumper 9.2.0]$ more /opt/oracle/utl_file/example.txt
eygle test write one
eygle test write two
[oracle@jumper 9.2.0]$
 


类似的我们可以通过utl_file来读取文件:



SQL> declare
  2    fhandle   utl_file.file_type;
  3    fp_buffer varchar2(4000);
  4  begin
  5    fhandle := utl_file.fopen ('UTL_FILE_DIR','example.txt', 'R');
  6 
  7    utl_file.get_line (fhandle , fp_buffer );
  8    dbms_output.put_line(fp_buffer );
  9    utl_file.get_line (fhandle , fp_buffer );
 10    dbms_output.put_line(fp_buffer );
 11    utl_file.fclose(fhandle);
 12  end;
 13  /
eygle test write one
eygle test write two

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


可以查询dba_directories查看所有directory.



SQL> select * from dba_directories;

OWNER                          DIRECTORY_NAME                 DIRECTORY_PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYS                            UTL_FILE_DIR                   /opt/oracle/utl_file
SYS                            BDUMP_DIR                      /opt/oracle/admin/conner/bdump
SYS                            EXP_DIR                        /opt/oracle/utl_file



可以使用drop directory删除这些路径.



SQL> drop directory exp_dir;

Directory dropped

SQL> select * from dba_directories;

OWNER                          DIRECTORY_NAME                 DIRECTORY_PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYS                            UTL_FILE_DIR                   /opt/oracle/utl_file
SYS                            BDUMP_DIR                      /opt/oracle/admin/conner/bdump