Ubuntu 16.04安装配置Nginx

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-31 13:13:32 发布

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在Ubuntu下安装Nginx有以下方法，但是如果想要安装最新版本的就必须下载源码包编译安装。
一、基于APT源安装
sudo apt-get install nginx
安装好的文件位置：
/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序
/etc/nginx：存放配置文件
/usr/share/nginx：存放静态文件
/var/log/nginx：存放日志
其实从上面的根目录文件夹可以知道，Linux系统的配置文件一般放在/etc，日志一般放在/var/log，运行的程序一般放在/usr/sbin或者/usr/bin。
当然，如果要更清楚Nginx的配置项放在什么地方，可以打开/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
我猜测，Nginx如果指定默认加载/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的配置文件。如果要查看加载的是哪个配置文件，可以用这个命令sudo nginx -t或者ps -ef | grep nginx
然后通过这种方式安装的，会自动创建服务，会自动在/etc/init.d/nginx新建服务脚本，然后就可以使用sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}的命令启动。
脚本如下：

!/bin/sh

BEGIN INIT INFO

Provides: nginx

Required-Start: $local_fs$ remote_fs $network$ syslog $named

Required-Stop: $local_fs$ remote_fs $network$ syslog $named

Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

Default-Stop: 0 1 6

Short-Description: starts the nginx web server

Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon

END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

Include nginx defaults if availableif [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then

. /etc/default/nginxfi

STOP_SCHEDULE=”${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}”

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

Try to extract nginx pidfile

PID= $(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)if [ -z "$ PID” ]; then
PID=/run/nginx.pidfi
if [ -n “ $ULIMIT” ]; then # Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx ulimit$ ULIMITfi

start_nginx() {
# Start the daemon/service
#
# Returns:
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile $PID --exec$ DAEMON –test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile $PID --exec$ DAEMON – \
$DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
|| return 2
}

test_config() {
# Test the nginx configuration
$DAEMON -t$ DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}

stop_nginx() {
# Stops the daemon/service
#
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –retry= $STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile$ PID –name $NAME RETVAL=”$ ?”
sleep 1
return “$RETVAL”
}

reload_nginx() {
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
start-stop-daemon –stop –signal HUP –quiet –pidfile $PID --name$ NAME
return 0
}

rotate_logs() {
# Rotate log files
start-stop-daemon –stop –signal USR1 –quiet –pidfile $PID --name$ NAME
return 0
}

upgrade_nginx() {
# Online upgrade nginx executable
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html #
# Return
# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
# 1 if nginx is not running
# 2 if the pid files were not created on time
# 3 if the old master could not be killed
if start-stop-daemon –stop –signal USR2 –quiet –pidfile $PID --name$ NAME; then
# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
while [ ! -s “ ${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "$ {PID}” ]; do
cnt=expr $cnt + 1
if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then return 2 fi sleep 1 done # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master if start-stop-daemon –stop –signal QUIT –quiet –pidfile “$ {PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then return 0 else return 3 fi else return 1 fi } case “$ 1” in
start)
log_daemon_msg “Starting $DESC" "$ NAME”
start_nginx
case “ $?” in 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; stop) log_daemon_msg “Stopping$ DESC" " $NAME” stop_nginx case “$ ?” in
0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
restart)
log_daemon_msg “Restarting $DESC" "$ NAME”

    # Check configuration before stopping nginx
    if ! test_config; then
        log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
        exit $?
    fi

    stop_nginx
    case "$?" in
        0|1)
            start_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
            esac
            ;;
        *)
            # Failed to stop
            log_end_msg 1
            ;;
    esac
    ;;
reload|force-reload)
    log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"

    # Check configuration before stopping nginx
    #
    # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
    # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.        # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
    # to the administrator.
    if ! test_config; then
        log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
        exit $?
    fi

    reload_nginx
    log_end_msg $?
    ;;
configtest|testconfig)
    log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
    test_config
    log_end_msg $?
    ;;
status)
    status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
    ;;
upgrade)
    log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
    upgrade_nginx
    log_end_msg $?
    ;;
rotate)
    log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
    rotate_logs
    log_end_msg $?
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
    exit 3
    ;;esac

还有一个好处，创建好的文件由于放在/usr/sbin目录下，所以能直接在终端中使用nginx命令而无需指定路径。
二、通过源码包编译安装
这种方式可以自定安装指定的模块以及最新的版本。方式更灵活。
官方下载页面：http://nginx.org/en/download.html
configure配置文件详解：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
安装gcc g++的依赖库
sudo apt-get install build-essentialsudo apt-get install libtool
安装pcre依赖库（http://www.pcre.org/）
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
安装zlib依赖库（http://www.zlib.net）
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
安装SSL依赖库（16.04默认已经安装了）
sudo apt-get install openssl
安装Nginx

下载最新版本：wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz#解压：tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz

进入解压目录：

cd nginx-1.13.6

配置：

./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx

编译：make

安装：sudo make install

启动：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

注意：-c 指定配置文件的路径，不加的话，nginx会自动加载默认路径的配置文件，可以通过-h查看帮助命令。

查看进程：ps -ef | grep nginx

配置软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
现在就可以不用路径直接输入nginx启动。
配置开机启动服务
在/etc/init.d/下创建nginx文件，sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx，内容如下：

!/bin/sh

BEGIN INIT INFO

Provides: nginx

Required-Start: $local_fs$ remote_fs $network$ syslog $named

Required-Stop: $local_fs$ remote_fs $network$ syslog $named

Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

Default-Stop: 0 1 6

Short-Description: starts the nginx web server

Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon

END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

Include nginx defaults if availableif [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then

. /etc/default/nginxfi

STOP_SCHEDULE=”${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}”

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

Try to extract nginx pidfile

PID= $(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)if [ -z "$ PID” ]; then
PID=/run/nginx.pidfi
if [ -n “ $ULIMIT” ]; then # Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx ulimit$ ULIMITfi

test_config() {
# Test the nginx configuration
$DAEMON -t$ DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}

reload_nginx() {
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
start-stop-daemon –stop –signal HUP –quiet –pidfile $PID --name$ NAME
return 0
}

rotate_logs() {
# Rotate log files
start-stop-daemon –stop –signal USR1 –quiet –pidfile $PID --name$ NAME
return 0
}

    # Check configuration before stopping nginx
    if ! test_config; then
        log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
        exit $?
    fi

    stop_nginx
    case "$?" in
        0|1)
            start_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
            esac
            ;;
        *)
            # Failed to stop
            log_end_msg 1
            ;;
    esac
    ;;
reload|force-reload)
    log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"

    # Check configuration before stopping nginx
    #
    # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
    # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.        # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
    # to the administrator.
    if ! test_config; then
        log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
        exit $?
    fi

    reload_nginx
    log_end_msg $?
    ;;
configtest|testconfig)
    log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
    test_config
    log_end_msg $?
    ;;
status)
    status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
    ;;
upgrade)
    log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
    upgrade_nginx
    log_end_msg $?
    ;;
rotate)
    log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
    rotate_logs
    log_end_msg $?
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
    exit 3
    ;;esac

设置服务脚本有执行权限sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

注册服务

cd /etc/init.d/sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults
现在基本上就可以开机启动了，常用的命令如下：
sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}

ubuntu 16.04.1 nginx彻底删除
1.删除nginx，-purge包括配置文件
sudo apt-get –purge remove nginx

2.移除全部不使用的软件包
sudo apt-get autoremove

3.罗列出与nginx相关的软件并删除
dpkg –get-selections|grep nginx
sudo apt-get –purge remove nginx
sudo apt-get –purge remove nginx-common
sudo apt-get –purge remove nginx-core

4.查看nginx正在运行的进程，如果有就kill掉
ps -ef |grep nginx
sudo kill -9 XXX

5.全局查找与nginx相关的文件
sudo find / -name nginx*
sudo rm -rf file

6.删除列出的所有文件
sudo rm -rf file

7.重装nginx
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx