Fluent Python学习笔记1

Chapter 1 The Python Data Model

1. Python data model describes the API that you can use to make your own objects play well with the most idiomatic language features;
2. The Python interpreter invokes special methods to perform basic object operations,often triggered by special syntax;
   Special methods are meant to be called by the Python interpreter,and not by you;
   Normally,your code should not have many direct calls to special methods;
   The only special method that is frequently called by user code directly id __init__ ,to invoke the initializer of the superclass in your own __init__ implementation.
   If you need to invoke a special method, it is usually better to call the related built-in function(e.g.,len,iter,str,etc).
3. The special method names are always written with leading and trailing double underscores(i.e.,__getitem__);
   The special methods are also known as dunder methods;
4. collections.namedtuple Since Python 2.6,namedtuple can be used to build classes of objects that are just bundles of attributes with no custom methods,like a database record.
5. random.choice gets a random item from a sequence.
6. abs built-in function returns the absolute value of integers and floats,and the magnitude of complex numbers;
7. __repr__ special method is called by the repr built-in to get the string representation of the object for inspection;
8. bool(x) returns True or False;
9. len(x) runs very fast when x is an instance of a built-in type;
   Because no method is called for the built-in objects of CPython: the length is simply read from a field in a C struct.

10. By implementing special methods, your objects can behave like the built-in types,enabling the expressive coding style the community considers Pythonic
    (中文大概是：Python化风格);

11. Python object provides usable string representations of itself,one used for debugging and logging,another for presentation to the end users; That is why the special methods __repr__ and __str__ exist in the data model;
    (__repr__ is for developers, __str__ is for customers)