Linux磁盘分区和格式化

Linux磁盘分区和格式化
1.磁盘分区

在Linux系统中非常多的磁盘分区工具，比如命令方式的fdisk、parted、cfdisk和sfdisk，最常使用的是fdisk和parted。

1.1 使用fdisk命令磁盘分区实例

fdisk命令语法

fdisk 【选项】【设备】

fdisk交互式操作子命令

（1）进入fdisk，列出所有子命令

[root@test ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

（2）显示硬盘分区信息

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0007b17a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        2611    20765696   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘分区信息描述

（3）创建和删除主分区

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9422e586

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         654     5253223+  83  Linux

（4）创建扩展分区和逻辑驱动器

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (655-2610, default 655): 
Using default value 655
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): 
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9422e586

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         654     5253223+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             655        2610    15711570    5  Extended

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (655-2610, default 655): 
Using default value 655
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): +5G

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (1309-2610, default 1309): 
Using default value 1309
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1309-2610, default 2610): 
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9422e586

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         654     5253223+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             655        2610    15711570    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             655        1308     5253223+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb6            1309        2610    10458283+  83  Linux

（5）查看并转换分区类型

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9422e586

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         654     5253223+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             655        2610    15711570    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             655        1308     5253223+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6            1309        2610    10458283+  83  Linux

（6）保存分区设置信息，并退出fdisk

1 Command (m for help): w
2 The partition table has been altered!
3 
4 Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
5 Syncing disks.

（7）重启计算机系统并查看分区

1 [root@test ~]# ls /dev/sdb*
2 /dev/sdb  /dev/sdb1  /dev/sdb2  /dev/sdb5  /dev/sdb6

(8)格式化

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

(9)挂载

mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt