打开开源中国iOS客户端应用程序第一步就是加载数据,经常我们在第二次以后打开的时候,我们界面显示的是上一次更新的数据,此时我们想看最新内容就需要去刷新数据加载这些内容,加载需要一个等待过程,如何能让用户在等待过程中不焦急,能够等待这个过程完成,这就需要给用户一个心里安慰,让用户知道该软件正在很努力很努力的执行自己命令,这就需要我们为自己应用程序添加一些特效;
开源中国iOS客户端用到了不少特效,这些特效在当前很多应用软件中都比较流行,基本上这些特效都属于第三方类库,本次想说的是下拉刷新特效,EGOTableViewPullRefresh最开始是在Twitter中使用,最后做了开源,然后很多应用添加这个特效,常作为加载数据时将等待时间作为一个动画来过渡;
下拉刷新类库EGOTableViewPullRefresh资源文件下载地址:https://github.com/enormego/EGOTableViewPullRefresh/tree/
先这个特效的效果图
在EGOTableViewPullRefresh资源文件中有两个文件,.m和.h文件,还有资源图片,就是下拉刷新箭头
资源图片一共4种色,可以根据喜好选用不同色的箭头,只需在EGORefreshTableHeaderView.m文件中修改一下。按照大小尺寸又可分两种,较大尺寸是用于iPad上使用的。
针对这些第三方类库,我们没必要去深入研究它们内部实现机制原理,只要知道怎么用就可以。不过,看一看别人实现原理,学学别人的方法还是很不错的,了解下人家牛人程序是怎么写的;
EGORefreshTableHeaderView.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
typedef enum{
EGOOPullRefreshPulling = 0,
EGOOPullRefreshNormal,
EGOOPullRefreshLoading,
} EGOPullRefreshState;
@protocol EGORefreshTableHeaderDelegate;
@interface EGORefreshTableHeaderView : UIView {
id _delegate;
EGOPullRefreshState _state;
UILabel *_lastUpdatedLabel;
UILabel *_statusLabel;
CALayer *_arrowImage;
UIActivityIndicatorView *_activityView;
}
@property(nonatomic,assign) id <EGORefreshTableHeaderDelegate> delegate;
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame arrowImageName:(NSString *)arrow textColor:(UIColor *)textColor;
- (void)refreshLastUpdatedDate;
- (void)egoRefreshScrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView;
- (void)egoRefreshScrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView;
- (void)egoRefreshScrollViewDataSourceDidFinishedLoading:(UIScrollView *)scrollView;
@end
//定义协议方法
@protocol EGORefreshTableHeaderDelegate
//下拉的时候调用此方法
- (void)egoRefreshTableHeaderDidTriggerRefresh:(EGORefreshTableHeaderView*)view;
//判断刷新状态情况,正在刷新或者是没刷新
- (BOOL)egoRefreshTableHeaderDataSourceIsLoading:(EGORefreshTableHeaderView*)view;
@optional
//返回刷新时间,回调方法
- (NSDate*)egoRefreshTableHeaderDataSourceLastUpdated:(EGORefreshTableHeaderView*)view;
@end
首先是定义了一个枚举类型EGOPullRefreshState表示当前我们操作在哪种状态下,有下拉状态、正常状态、数据加载状态;
@protocol EGORefreshTableHeaderDelegate;表示声明有这个协议,该协议里面声明了一些方法,只要其他的类遵循了这个协议(也就是遵循了它的规定),就可以去实现协议里面方法,协议里的方法是留给遵循这个协议的类去实现的,也是留给外部实现接口;
EGORefreshTableHeaderView成员变量定义两个label用于提示下拉过程所处状态,和显示的刷新时间。定义的CALayer类对象装载显示图片。UIActivityIndicatorView类对象显示一个等待动画;
@property(nonatomic,assign)id <EGORefreshTableHeaderDelegate> delegate;声明一个协议对象;
接着下面的是EGORefreshTableHeaderView类成员函数,用于实现类库中下拉刷新的效果;
最后定义了4个协议方法,其中最后一个协议方法为可选实现;
下面是EGORefreshTableHeaderView.m文件,想说的都在注释里
#import "EGORefreshTableHeaderView.h"
#define TEXT_COLOR [UIColor colorWithRed:87.0/255.0 green:108.0/255.0 blue:137.0/255.0 alpha:1.0]
#define FLIP_ANIMATION_DURATION 0.18f
//设置的一个私有接口,只能本类来使用
@interface EGORefreshTableHeaderView (Private)
- (void)setState:(EGOPullRefreshState)aState;
@end
@implementation EGORefreshTableHeaderView
@synthesize delegate=_delegate;
//初始化框架属性,
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame arrowImageName:(NSString *)arrow textColor:(UIColor *)textColor {
if((self = [super initWithFrame:frame])) {
// self.view自动适应bounds的宽度
self.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
// self.view背景色和透明度设置
self.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:226.0/255.0 green:231.0/255.0 blue:237.0/255.0 alpha:1.0];
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0f, frame.size.height - 30.0f, self.frame.size.width, 20.0f)];
label.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12.0f];
label.textColor = textColor;
// label文本阴影颜色
label.shadowColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.9f alpha:1.0f];
label.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(0.0f, 1.0f);
label.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
label.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter;
[self addSubview:label];
_lastUpdatedLabel=label;
[label release];
label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0f, frame.size.height - 48.0f, self.frame.size.width, 20.0f)];
label.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth;
label.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:13.0f];
label.textColor = textColor;
label.shadowColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.9f alpha:1.0f];
label.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(0.0f, 1.0f);
label.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
label.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter;
[self addSubview:label];
_statusLabel=label;
[label release];
CALayer *layer = [CALayer layer];
layer.frame = CGRectMake(25.0f, frame.size.height - 65.0f, 30.0f, 55.0f);
// 设置layer在view上以某种形式适应
layer.contentsGravity = kCAGravityResizeAspect;
layer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:arrow].CGImage;
// 判断设备版本,因为一些iOS特性是在最后新增的,要求设备配置高一些,所以做一下判断
#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 40000
if ([[UIScreen mainScreen] respondsToSelector:@selector(scale)]) {
layer.contentsScale = [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale];
}
#endif
[[self layer] addSublayer:layer];
_arrowImage=layer;
UIActivityIndicatorView *view = [[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithActivityIndicatorStyle:UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleGray];
view.frame = CGRectMake(25.0f, frame.size.height - 38.0f, 20.0f, 20.0f);
[self addSubview:view];
_activityView = view;
[view release];
[self setState:EGOOPullRefreshNormal];
}
return self;
}
//初始化当前视图的frame
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
return [self initWithFrame:frame arrowImageName:@"blueArrow.png" textColor:TEXT_COLOR];
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Setters
//获取最后一次更新的时间
- (void)refreshLastUpdatedDate {
if ([_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(egoRefreshTableHeaderDataSourceLastUpdated:)]) {
NSDate *date = [_delegate egoRefreshTableHeaderDataSourceLastUpdated:self];
// NSDateFormatter实例创建字符串,来表示NSDate和NSCalendarDate对象,已预订格式化字符串输出
[NSDateFormatter setDefaultFormatterBehavior:NSDateFormatterBehaviorDefault];
NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init] autorelease];
// 设置日期输出格式
[dateFormatter setDateStyle:NSDateFormatterShortStyle];
// 设置时间显示格式
[dateFormatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterShortStyle];
// _lastUpdatedLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Last Updated: %@", [dateFormatter stringFromDate:date]];
_lastUpdatedLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"最后更新: %@", [dateFormatter stringFromDate:date]];
// 存储_lastUpdatedLabel.text内容,放到字典中
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:_lastUpdatedLabel.text forKey:@"EGORefreshTableView_LastRefresh"];
// 将NSUserDefaults存储数据放到磁盘
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
} else {
_lastUpdatedLabel.text = nil;
}
}
- (void)setState:(EGOPullRefreshState)aState{
switch (aState) {
/*触摸屏幕下拉状态*/
case EGOOPullRefreshPulling:
// _statusLabel.text = NSLocalizedString(@"Release to refresh...", @"Release to refresh status");
_statusLabel.text = @"松开即可刷新";
// 设置下拉刷新过程,箭头的图片的一个动画过程
[CATransaction begin];
// 动画时间
[CATransaction setAnimationDuration:FLIP_ANIMATION_DURATION];
// 下拉刷新箭头一个翻转过程,(M_PI / 180.0)是角度转换为弧度
_arrowImage.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation((M_PI / 180.0) * 180.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
// 动画结束
[CATransaction commit];
break;
/*刚开始触摸屏幕准备下拉的时候的状态*/
case EGOOPullRefreshNormal:
if (_state == EGOOPullRefreshPulling) {
[CATransaction begin];
[CATransaction setAnimationDuration:FLIP_ANIMATION_DURATION];
_arrowImage.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
[CATransaction commit];
}
// _statusLabel.text = NSLocalizedString(@"Pull down to refresh...", @"Pull down to refresh status");
_statusLabel.text = @"下拉可以刷新";
[_activityView stopAnimating];
[CATransaction begin];
// 因为下拉刷新完成好就不需要下拉动画,此时_activityView动画显示
// 显示事物关闭动画效果 kCFBooleanTrue关闭 kCFBooleanFalse开启
[CATransaction setValue:(id)kCFBooleanTrue forKey:kCATransactionDisableActions];
_arrowImage.hidden = NO;
_arrowImage.transform = CATransform3DIdentity;
[CATransaction commit];
// 更新下时间
[self refreshLastUpdatedDate];
break;
/*触摸手指松开,完成下拉操作的状态*/
case EGOOPullRefreshLoading:
// _statusLabel.text = NSLocalizedString(@"Loading...", @"Loading Status");
_statusLabel.text = @"加载中";
[_activityView startAnimating];
[CATransaction begin];
[CATransaction setValue:(id)kCFBooleanTrue forKey:kCATransactionDisableActions];
_arrowImage.hidden = YES;
[CATransaction commit];
break;
default:
break;
}
_state = aState;
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark ScrollView Methods
- (void)egoRefreshScrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
if (_state == EGOOPullRefreshLoading) {
CGFloat offset = MAX(scrollView.contentOffset.y * -1, 0);
offset = MIN(offset, 60);
scrollView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsMake(offset, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
} else if (scrollView.isDragging) {
BOOL _loading = NO;
if ([_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(egoRefreshTableHeaderDataSourceIsLoading:)]) {
_loading = [_delegate egoRefreshTableHeaderDataSourceIsLoading:self];
}
if (_state == EGOOPullRefreshPulling && scrollView.contentOffset.y > -65.0f && scrollView.contentOffset.y < 0.0f && !_loading) {
[self setState:EGOOPullRefreshNormal];
} else if (_state == EGOOPullRefreshNormal && scrollView.contentOffset.y < -65.0f && !_loading) {
[self setState:EGOOPullRefreshPulling];
}
// 设置下拉属性scrollView框架恢复初始位置
if (scrollView.contentInset.top != 0) {
// A UIEdgeInsets struct whose top, left, bottom, and right fields are all set to the value 0.
scrollView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsZero;
}
}
}
- (void)egoRefreshScrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
BOOL _loading = NO;
if ([_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(egoRefreshTableHeaderDataSourceIsLoading:)]) {
_loading = [_delegate egoRefreshTableHeaderDataSourceIsLoading:self];
}
if (scrollView.contentOffset.y <= - 65.0f && !_loading) {
if ([_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(egoRefreshTableHeaderDidTriggerRefresh:)]) {
[_delegate egoRefreshTableHeaderDidTriggerRefresh:self];
}
[self setState:EGOOPullRefreshLoading];
[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.2];
scrollView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsMake(60.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
[UIView commitAnimations];
}
}
//数据加载完成后调用此方法
- (void)egoRefreshScrollViewDataSourceDidFinishedLoading:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
[UIView setAnimationDuration:.3];
// 数据加载完成后,scrollView恢复位置大小
[scrollView setContentInset:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)];
[UIView commitAnimations];
// 数据加载完成,
[self setState:EGOOPullRefreshNormal];
}
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark Dealloc
- (void)dealloc {
_delegate=nil;
_activityView = nil;
_statusLabel = nil;
_arrowImage = nil;
_lastUpdatedLabel = nil;
[super dealloc];
}
@end
当我们想使用这个下拉刷新类库的时候,在使用类里声明这个协议<EGORefreshTableHeaderDelegate>,把当前类self交付给下拉刷新库的协议对象,也就是xx.delegate=self;
怎样让其他类来使用这里面效果,这时我们就可以委托另一个类来实现协议的方法。
选中一个协议方法,右键选择Jump to Definition就可以看到哪些类被委托了,怎样使用了这个类的协议方法