观察者模式的定义
定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系。当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都能收到通知,并被自动更新。
观察者模式通用代码
步骤
1.目标对象的定义,
2.具体的目标对象的定义,
3.观察者接口的定义,
4.观察者具体实现
具体实现
首先定义抽象的观察者:
//抽象观察者角色
public interface Watcher
{
public void update(String str);
}
然后定义抽象的主题角色,即抽象的被观察者,方法(添加、移除观察者,通知观察者):
//抽象主题角色,watched:被观察
public interface Watched
{
public void addWatcher(Watcher watcher);
public void removeWatcher(Watcher watcher);
public void notifyWatchers(String str);
}
然后定义具体的观察者:
public class ConcreteWatcher implements Watcher
{
@Override
public void update(String str)
{
System.out.println(str);
}
}
具体的主题角色:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class ConcreteWatched implements Watched
{
// 存放观察者
private List<Watcher> list = new ArrayList<Watcher>();
@Override
public void addWatcher(Watcher watcher)
{
list.add(watcher);
}
@Override
public void removeWatcher(Watcher watcher)
{
list.remove(watcher);
}
@Override
public void notifyWatchers(String str)
{
// 自动调用实际上是主题进行调用的
for (Watcher watcher : list)
{
watcher.update(str);
}
}
}
测试类:
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Watched girl = new ConcreteWatched();
Watcher watcher1 = new ConcreteWatcher();
Watcher watcher2 = new ConcreteWatcher();
Watcher watcher3 = new ConcreteWatcher();
girl.addWatcher(watcher1);
girl.addWatcher(watcher2);
girl.addWatcher(watcher3);
girl.notifyWatchers("开心");
}
}