java 实现数据结构之队列

队列是一种特殊的线性表，它只允许在表的前端(front)进行删除操作，只允许在表的后端（rear）进行插入操作。
[color=red]1.队列的顺序存储结构及实现[/color]

public class SequenceQueue<T>
{
	private int DEFAULT_SIZE = 10;
	//保存数组的长度。
	private int capacity;
	//定义一个数组用于保存顺序队列的元素
	private Object[] elementData;
	//保存顺序队列中元素的当前个数
	private int front = 0;
	private int rear = 0;
	//以默认数组长度创建空顺序队列
	public SequenceQueue()
	{
		capacity = DEFAULT_SIZE;
		elementData = new Object[capacity];
	}
	//以一个初始化元素来创建顺序队列
	public SequenceQueue(T element)
	{
		this();
		elementData[0] = element;
		rear++;
	}
	/**
	 * 以指定长度的数组来创建顺序队列
	 * @param element 指定顺序队列中第一个元素
	 * @param initSize 指定顺序队列底层数组的长度
	 */
	public SequenceQueue(T element , int initSize)
	{
		this.capacity = initSize;
		elementData = new Object[capacity];
		elementData[0] = element;
		rear++;
	}
	//获取顺序队列的大小
	public int length()
	{
		return rear - front;
	}
	//插入队列
	public void add(T element)
	{
		if (rear > capacity - 1)
		{
			throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("队列已满的异常");
		}
		elementData[rear++] = element;
	}
	//移除队列
    public T remove()
	{
		if (empty())
		{
			throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("空队列异常");
		}
		//保留队列的rear端的元素的值
		T oldValue = (T)elementData[front];
		//释放队列的rear端的元素
		elementData[front++] = null; 
		return oldValue;
	}
	//返回队列顶元素，但不删除队列顶元素
    public T element()
	{
		if (empty())
		{
			throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("空队列异常");
		}
		return (T)elementData[front];
	}
	//判断顺序队列是否为空队列
	public boolean empty()
	{
		return rear == front;
	}
	//清空顺序队列
	public void clear()
	{
		//将底层数组所有元素赋为null
		Arrays.fill(elementData , null);
		front = 0;
		rear = 0;
	}
	public String toString()
	{
		if (empty())
		{
			return "[]";
		}
		else
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
			for (int i = front  ; i < rear ; i++ )
			{
				sb.append(elementData[i].toString() + ", ");
			}
			int len = sb.length();
			return sb.delete(len - 2 , len).append("]").toString();
		}
	}
}

[color=red]2.循环队列（顺序结构存储实现）[/color]

import java.util.Arrays;
public class LoopQueue<T>
{
	private int DEFAULT_SIZE = 10;
	//保存数组的长度。
	private int capacity;
	//定义一个数组用于保存循环队列的元素
	private Object[] elementData;
	//保存循环队列中元素的当前个数
	private int front = 0;
	private int rear = 0;
	//以默认数组长度创建空循环队列
	public LoopQueue()
	{
		capacity = DEFAULT_SIZE;
		elementData = new Object[capacity];
	}
	//以一个初始化元素来创建循环队列
	public LoopQueue(T element)
	{
		this();
		elementData[0] = element;
		rear++;
	}
	/**
	 * 以指定长度的数组来创建循环队列
	 * @param element 指定循环队列中第一个元素
	 * @param initSize 指定循环队列底层数组的长度
	 */
	public LoopQueue(T element , int initSize)
	{
		this.capacity = initSize;
		elementData = new Object[capacity];
		elementData[0] = element;
		rear++;
	}
	//获取循环队列的大小
	public int length()
	{
		if (empty())
		{
			return 0;
		}
		return rear > front ? rear - front 
			: capacity - (front - rear);
	}
	//插入队列
	public void add(T element)
	{
		if (rear == front 
			&& elementData[front] != null)
		{
			throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("队列已满的异常");
		}
		elementData[rear++] = element;
		//如果rear已经到头，那就转头
		rear = rear == capacity ? 0 : rear;
	}
	//移除队列
	public T remove()
	{
		if (empty())
		{
			throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("空队列异常");
		}
		//保留队列的rear端的元素的值
		T oldValue = (T)elementData[front];
		//释放队列的rear端的元素
		elementData[front++] = null; 
		//如果front已经到头，那就转头
		front = front == capacity ? 0 : front;
		return oldValue;
	}
	//返回队列顶元素，但不删除队列顶元素
	public T element()
	{
		if (empty())
		{
			throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("空队列异常");
		}
		return (T)elementData[front];
	}
	//判断循环队列是否为空队列
	public boolean empty()
	{
		//rear==front且rear处的元素为null
		return rear == front 
			&& elementData[rear] == null;
	}
	//清空循环队列
	public void clear()
	{
		//将底层数组所有元素赋为null
		Arrays.fill(elementData , null);
		front = 0;
		rear = 0;
	}
	public String toString()
	{
		if (empty())
		{
			return "[]";
		}
		else
		{
			//如果front < rear，有效元素就是front到rear之间的元素
			if (front < rear)
			{
				StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
				for (int i = front  ; i < rear ; i++ )
				{
					sb.append(elementData[i].toString() + ", ");
				}
				int len = sb.length();
				return sb.delete(len - 2 , len).append("]").toString();
			}
			//如果front >= rear，有效元素为front->capacity之间、0->front之间的
			else
			{
				StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
				for (int i = front  ; i < capacity ; i++ )
				{
					sb.append(elementData[i].toString() + ", ");
				}
				for (int i = 0 ; i < rear ; i++)
				{
					sb.append(elementData[i].toString() + ", ");
				}
				int len = sb.length();
				return sb.delete(len - 2 , len).append("]").toString();
			}
		}
	}
}

[color=red]3.队列的链式存储结构及实现[/color]

public class LinkQueue<T>
{
	//定义一个内部类Node，Node实例代表链队列的节点。
	private class Node
	{
		//保存节点的数据
		private T data;
		//指向下个节点的引用
		private Node next;
		//无参数的构造器
		public Node()
		{
		}
		//初始化全部属性的构造器
		public Node(T data ,  Node next)
		{
			this.data = data;
			this.next = next;
		}
	}
	//保存该链队列的头节点
	private Node front;
	//保存该链队列的尾节点
	private Node rear;
	//保存该链队列中已包含的节点数
	private int size;
	//创建空链队列
	public LinkQueue()
	{
		//空链队列，front和rear都是null
		front = null;
		rear = null;
	}
	//以指定数据元素来创建链队列，该链队列只有一个元素
	public LinkQueue(T element)
	{
		front = new Node(element , null);
		//只有一个节点，front、rear都指向该节点
		rear = front;
		size++;
	}
	//返回链队列的长度	
	public int length()
	{
		return size;
	}
	//将新元素加入队列
	public void add(T element)
	{
		//如果该链队列还是空链队列
		if (front == null)
		{
			front = new Node(element , null);
			//只有一个节点，front、rear都指向该节点
			rear = front;
		}
		else
		{
			//创建新节点
			Node newNode = new Node(element , null);
			//让尾节点的next指向新增的节点
			rear.next = newNode;
			//以新节点作为新的尾节点
			rear = newNode;
		}
		size++;
	}
	//删除队列front端的元素
	public T remove()
	{
		Node oldFront = front;
		front = front.next;
		oldFront.next = null;
		size--;
		return oldFront.data;
	}
	//访问链式队列中最后一个元素
	public T element()
	{
		return rear.data;
	}
	//判断链式队列是否为空队列
	public boolean empty()
	{
		return size == 0;
	}
	//清空链队列
	public void clear()
	{
		//将front、rear两个节点赋为null
		front = null;
		rear = null;
		size = 0;
	}
	public String toString()
	{
		//链队列为空链队列时
		if (empty())
		{
			return "[]";
		}
		else
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
			for (Node current = front ; current != null
				; current = current.next )
			{
				sb.append(current.data.toString() + ", ");
			}
			int len = sb.length();
			return sb.delete(len - 2 , len).append("]").toString();
		}
	}
}