信号量例子

system v信号量和POSIX信号量

POSIX信号量来源于POSIX技术规范的实时扩展方案(POSIX Realtime Extension)，常用于线程。

system v信号量，常用于进程的同步。

这两者非常相近，但它们使用的函数调用各不相同。前一种的头文件为semaphore.h，函数调用为sem_init(),sem_wait(),sem_post(),sem_destory()等等。后一种头文件为<sys/sem.h>,函数调用为semctl(),semget(),semop()等函数。

System V IPC存在时间比较老
许多系统都支持
但是接口复杂
并且可能各平台上实现略有区别
（如ftok的实现及限制）


POSIX是新标准
现在多数UNIX也已实现
我觉得如果只是开发的话
那么还是POSIX好
因为语法简单，并且各平台上实现都一样

system v信号量例子

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <signal.h>


int global_sid = 0;

union semun {
	int val;
	struct semid_ds *buf;
	unsigned short *array;
};


int init_sem(int sem_id, int init_value) {
	union semun sem_union;
	sem_union.val = init_value;
	if (semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, sem_union) == -1) {
		perror("initialize semaphore");
//		del_sem(sem_id);
		return -1;
	} else {
		printf("init ok here sem_id = %d\n", sem_id);
	}
	return 0;
}

int del_sem(int sem_id) {
	union semun sem_union;
	if (semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID, sem_union) == -1) {
		perror("Delete semaphore");
		return -1;
	} else {
		printf("del ok\n");
	}

}

int sem_p(int sem_id) {
	struct sembuf sem_b;
	sem_b.sem_num = 0;
	sem_b.sem_op = -1;
	sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1) {
		perror("p operation");
		return -1;
	}
}

int sem_v(int sem_id) {
	struct sembuf sem_b;
	sem_b.sem_num = 0;
	sem_b.sem_op = 1;
	sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	if (semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1) {
		perror("V operation");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}
void my_func(int sig) {

	printf("pid %d get\n", getpid());
	if (global_sid != 0) {
		system("ipcs -s");
		del_sem(global_sid);	
		system("ipcs -s");
		global_sid = 0; 
	} 
	exit(1);
}

int main(void) {
	pid_t result;
	int sem_id;
	int ret;
	sem_id = semget(ftok(".",'a'), 2, 0666|IPC_CREAT);
	ret = init_sem(sem_id, 0);
	if (ret < 0) {
		printf("fail\n");
		return -1;
	}
	global_sid = sem_id;

	signal(SIGINT, my_func);

	result = fork();
	if (result == -1) {
		perror("fork\n");
	} else if (result == 0) {
		while(1) {
			printf("child process will wait for some seconds...\n");
			sleep(2);
			printf("the resturned value is %d in the child process(PID = %d)\n", result, getpid());
			sem_v(sem_id);
		}
	} else {
		while(1) {
			printf("father wait here!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\n");
			sem_p(sem_id);
			printf("the returned value is %d in the father process(PID = %d)\n", result, getpid());
			//sem_v(sem_id);
			//del_sem(sem_id);
		}
	}



	return 0;
}

posix 信号量例子1

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>           /* For O_* constants */
#include <sys/stat.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

sem_t semm;
sem_t *sem1 = &semm;
int main(void) {
	pid_t pid = -1;
	int ret = -1;
//仅可用于线程
	//	sem_init(sem1, 0, 0);
		//可适用于线程和进程
	sem1 = sem_open("mysem", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644, 0); 

	//sem_post(sem1);
	pid = fork();
	if (pid < 0) {
		perror("fork fail");
		return -1;
	} else if (pid == 0) {
		while(1) {
			
			sleep(1);
    printf("sleep 1\n");
			sem_post(sem1);
		}	

	} else {
		while(1) {
			printf("wait here\n");
			sem_wait(sem1);
			printf("wait ok!!!!!!!!!\n");
		}

	}







	return 0;
}

posix 信号量例子2

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <semaphore.h>


sem_t sem_a, sem_b, sem_c;


#define C_TIMES  3

void *func_a(void *arg)
{

	int i = 0;
	int j;

	while(1) {
		sleep(2);

		printf("a thread:");
		for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
			printf("%d ", j);
			fflush(stdout);
			sleep(1);
		}
		printf("\n");
		sem_post(&sem_a);
		sem_wait(&sem_c);
		if (i++ == C_TIMES) {
			printf("a threadover\n");
			break;
		}
	}
	pthread_exit(NULL);
}

void *func_b(void *arg)
{

	int i = 0;
	int j;

	while(1) {

		sem_wait(&sem_a);
		printf("b thread:");
		for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
			printf("%d ", j);
			fflush(stdout);
			sleep(1);
		}
		printf("\n");
		sem_post(&sem_b);
		if (i++ == C_TIMES) {
			printf("b threadover\n");
			break;
		}
	}
	pthread_exit(NULL);
}



void *func_c(void *arg)
{

	int i = 0;
	int j;

	while(1) {
		sem_wait(&sem_b);
		printf("c thread:");
		for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
			printf("%d ", j);
			fflush(stdout);
			sleep(1);
		}
		printf("\n");
		sem_post(&sem_c);
		if (i++ == C_TIMES) {
			printf("c threadover\n");
			break;
		}
	}
	pthread_exit(NULL);
}


int main(void)
{ 
	pthread_t tid_a;
	pthread_t tid_b;
	pthread_t tid_c;

	sem_init(&sem_a, 0,0);
	sem_init(&sem_b, 0,0);
	sem_init(&sem_c, 0,0);

	pthread_create(&tid_a, NULL, (void *)func_a, NULL);
	pthread_create(&tid_b, NULL, (void *)func_b, NULL);
	pthread_create(&tid_c, NULL, (void *)func_c,NULL);

	pthread_join(tid_a, NULL);
	pthread_join(tid_b, NULL);
	pthread_join(tid_c, NULL);

	return 0;
}