回溯法--LC.93复原IP地址

class Solution(object):
    def restoreIpAddresses(self, s):
        """
        :type s: str
        :rtype: List[str]
        """ 
        result = list()
        path = list()
        if len(s) > 12:
            return []
        self.backtracking(s, result, 0, path)
        return result
        
    def backtracking(self, s, result, start, path):
        if len(path) == 4:
            if start == len(s):
                result.append(".".join(path[:]))
                return 
        for i in range(start+1, min(start+4, len(s)+1)):
            if self.valid(s[start:i]):
                path.append(s[start:i])
                self.backtracking(s, result, i, path)
                path.pop()
    
    def valid(self, s):
        if not s:
            return False
        if s[0] == '0' and len(s) > 1:
            return False
        if 0 > int(s) or int(s) > 255:
            return False
        return True