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判断语句以及for循环
判断语句:
if 条件:
条件为真时执行的语句
else
条件为假时执行的语句
if 条件:
cmd1
elif 条件:
cmd2
else:
cmd3
练习：
if 3>0:
print('ok')
print('yes')
if 10 in [10,20,30]:
print('OK')
if -0.0:
print('yes')#任何值为0的数字都是False
if 1:
print('yes')
if [1,2]:
print('yes')#非空列表为True
if {1,2}:
print('yes')#非空对象都是True
if (1,2):
print('空元组为False')
if ' ':
print('空格也是一个字符,非空为True')
if not None:
print('None为False,取反为True')
测试结果:
ok
yes
OK
yes
yes
yes
空元组为False
空格也是一个字符,非空为True
None为False,取反为True
# a = 10
# b = 20
# if a < b :
# smaller = a
# else :
# smaller = b
# print(smaller)
#简化版:
a=10
b=20
smaller = a if a < b else b
print(smaller)
测试结果
10判断学习实例：
登录账号:(密码输入的时候不显示)
import getpass #导入名为getpass的模块
uname = input('username: ')
upass = getpass.getpass('password: ')
if uname == 'bob' and upass == '123456' :
print('登录成功')
else :
print('登录失败')
------要在终端下用 python 进行运行py文件 才会显示效果判断成绩:
grade = int(input("请输入你的成绩: "))
if grade > 90 :
print("优秀")
elif grade > 80 :
print("好")
elif grade > 70 :
print("良")
elif grade > 60 :
print("及格")
else :
print("不及格,你需要更努力了")
try:-----输入不是整数的时候或者空的时候会报错
g = int(input('g:'))
if g > 90 :
print('1111')
elif g > 80 :
print('111')
elif g > 70:
print('11')
elif g > 60 :
print('1')
else:
print('0')
except:
print("输入整数")
------
score = int(input('分数: '))
if score >= 60 and score < 70:
print('及格')
elif 70 <= score < 80:
print('良')
elif 80 <= score < 90:
print('好')
elif score >= 90:
print('优秀')
else:
print('你要努力了')猜拳：
>>> import random
>>> random.choices(['aa','bb'])
['bb']
>>> random.choice(['aa','bb'])
'bb'
>>> random.randint(1,100)
14
import random
choices = ['拳头','剪刀','布']
#print(choices)
computer = random.choice(choices)
#print(computer)
while True:
player = input('请出拳: ')
print("mychoice:%s computer's choice:%s" % (player , computer))
if player == computer:
print('相同结果,请重新出拳: ')
continue
elif player == '拳头' and computer == '布' :
print('你输了')
break
elif player == '拳头' and computer == '剪刀' :
print('你赢了')
break
elif player == '布' and computer == '拳头' :
print('你赢了')
break
elif player == '布' and computer == '剪刀' :
print('你输了')
break
elif player == '剪刀' and computer == '布' :
print('你赢了')
break
elif player == '剪刀' and computer == '拳头' :
print('你输了')
break
import random
choices = ['拳头','剪刀','布']
#print(choices)
computer = random.choice(choices)
#print(computer)
while True:
player = input('请出拳: ')
print("mychoice:%s computer's choice:%s" % (player , computer))
if player == computer:
print('相同结果,请重新出拳: ')
continue
elif player == '拳头' and computer == '剪刀' :
print('你赢了')
break
elif player == '布' and computer == '拳头' :
print('你赢了')
break
elif player == '剪刀' and computer == '布' :
print('你赢了')
break
else:
print('你输了')
break
import random
choices = ['拳头','剪刀','布']
#print(choices)
win_list = [['拳头','剪刀'],['剪刀','布'],['布','拳头']]
inn = """(0)拳头
(1)剪刀
(2)布
请选择(0/1/2): """
while True:
computer = random.choice(choices)
# print(computer)
ind = int(input(inn))
player = choices[ind]
print("mychoice:%s computer's choice:%s" % (player , computer))
if player == computer:
print('\033[032;1m相同结果,请重新出拳:\033[0m')
continue
elif [player,computer] in win_list:
print('\033[31;1m你赢了\033[0m')
break
else:
print('\033[31;1m你输了\033[0m')
break循环：
break:
-
用于结束循环
#累加1+2+3+...+100
result = 0
counter = 1
while counter < 101:
result += counter
counter += 1
print(result)
#三盘两胜局:
# import random
# choices = ['拳头','剪刀','布']
# #print(choices)
# win_list = [['拳头','剪刀'],['剪刀','布'],['布','拳头']]
# inn = """(0)拳头
# (1)剪刀
# (2)布
# 请选择(0/1/2): """
# count = 0
# count2 = 0
#
# while count < 2 and count2 < 2:
# computer = random.choice(choices)
# # print(computer)
# ind = int(input(inn))
# player = choices[ind]
# print("mychoice:%s computer's choice:%s" % (player , computer))
# if player == computer:
# print('\033[032;1m相同结果,请重新出拳:\033[0m')
# continue
# elif [player,computer] in win_list:
# #print('\033[31;1m你赢了\033[0m')
# count += 1
# print('赢了%s次' % count)
# else:
# #print('\033[31;1m你输了\033[0m')
# count2 += 1
# print('赢了%s次' % count2)
#
# if count == 2 :
# print("你赢了")
# else:
# print("你输了")
# while count < 2 and count2 < 2:
# computer = random.choice(choices)
# # print(computer)
# ind = int(input(inn))
# player = choices[ind]
# print("mychoice:%s computer's choice:%s" % (player , computer))
# if player == computer:
# print('\033[032;1m相同结果,请重新出拳:\033[0m')
# continue
# elif [player,computer] in win_list:
# #print('\033[31;1m你赢了\033[0m')
# count += 1
# print('赢了%s次' % count)
# else:
# #print('\033[31;1m你输了\033[0m')
# count2 += 1
# print('赢了%s次' % count2)
#
# if count == 2 :
# print("你赢了")
# else:
# print("你输了")
#方法二:
# while 1:
# computer = random.choice(choices)
# # print(computer)
# ind = int(input(inn))
# player = choices[ind]
# print("mychoice:%s computer's choice:%s" % (player , computer))
# if player == computer:
# print('\033[032;1m相同结果,请重新出拳:\033[0m')
# continue
# elif [player,computer] in win_list:
# #print('\033[31;1m你赢了\033[0m')
# count += 1
# print('赢了%s次' % count)
# else:
# #print('\033[31;1m你输了\033[0m')
# count2 += 1
# print('赢了%s次' % count2)
# if count == 2 or count2 == 2 :
# breakcontinue:
# #1-100的偶数累加
# result = 0
# counter = 0
#
# while counter < 100:
# counter += 1
# if counter % 2 == 1:
# if counter % 2 : 1为真 0为假
# continue
# else:(可有可无)
# result += counter
#
# print(result)else:
import random
num2 = random.choice(range(1,101))
count = 0
while count<7:
count += 1
num = int(input("请输入一个数字: "))
if num > num2:
print('大了')
elif num < num2:
print('小了')
elif num == num2:
print("中")
break
else:
print('不要输入除了1-100之外的数字或者符号哦')
else:
print("正确答案是:%s 你猜了%s次,你个辣鸡,别猜了" % (num2,count))for:
astr = 'hello'
alist = [10, 20, 30]
atuple = ('yyf', 'chao', 'yang')
adict = {'name':'yyf' , 'age':23}
for ch in astr:
print(ch)
for i in alist:
print(i)
for name in atuple:
print(name)
for key in adict:
print('%s:%s' % (key,adict[key]))
测试结果:
/root/nsd1907/bin/python /root/nsd1907/py02/day02/01.py
h
e
l
l
o
10
20
30
yyf
chao
yang
name:yyf
age:23
在终端用for循环的时候,也需要缩进
>>> a = 'wode'
>>> for i in a:
... print(i)
...
w
o
d
e
range用法:
>>> range(10)
range(0, 10)
>>> list(range(10))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> range(6,10)
range(6, 10)
>>> list(range(6,10))
[6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> list(range(6,10,2))
[6, 8]
>>> list(range(1,10,2))
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
>>> list(range(10,1,-1))
[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]
>>> list(range(10,1))
[]
>>> list(range(10,1,-1))
[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]
# sum100 =0
#
# for i in range(1,101):
# sum100 += i
#
# print(sum100)列表实现斐波那契数列:
# num = int(input('输入一个数字: '))
#
# fib = [0, 1]
#
# for i in range(num):
# fib.append(fib[-1] + fib[-2])
#
# print(fib)九九乘法:---for循环的嵌套使用
for i in range(1,4):#控制第几行的打印
#每行之内再循环打印3个hello
for j in range(1,4): #行内重复打印3个hello
print('hello',end=' ') #print默认在结尾打印回车,改为空格
print() #每行结尾打印回车
for i in range(1,10):#控制第几行的打印
#每行之内再循环打印3个hello
for j in range(1,i+1): #行内重复打印3个hello
print('*',end=' ') #print默认在结尾打印回车,改为空格
print() #每行结尾打印回车
n = int(input('number: '))
for i in range(1, n + 1):
for j in range(1, i + 1):
print('%s*%s=%s' % (j, i, i * j), end=' ')
print()列表解析:
>>> [5]
[5]
>>> [5+5] ----将表达式的计算结果放到列表中
[10]
>>> [5+5 for i in range(10)] ---通过for循环控制表达式计算的次数
[10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]
>>> [5+i for i in range(10)] ----再表达式中,使用for中的变量
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
>>> [5+i for i in range(1,11)] ------
[6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
>>> [5+i for i in range(1,11) if i % 2 ==1] ---通过if判断语句实现过滤,满足判断条件时,才计算表达式
[6, 8, 10, 12, 14]
>>>
>>> ['192.168.1.' + str(i) for i in range(1,255) ]
>>> ['192.168.1.%s' % i for i in range(1,255) ]
找出 192.168.1.1-254 的地址
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