HTTP网络请求实例

转载自：原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40697725/article/details/106480225

HttpURLConnection

JDK 自带的 HttpURLConnection 标准库,是一个多用途、轻量级的http客户端。它对网络请求的封装没有HttpClient彻底，api比较简单，用起来没有那么方便。但是正是由于此，使得我们能更容易的扩展和优化的HttpURLConnection。HttpURLConnection继承URLConnection，底层socket，最原始通信，使用 HttpURLConnection 发起 HTTP 请求最大的优点是不需要引入额外的依赖。但无法提供额外的功能。

get请求示例：

public static String sendGet(String urlString)throws Exception{
    String resp ="";
    URL url = new URL(urlString);
    //得到connection对象。
    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    //设置请求方式
    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
    //连接
    connection.connect();
    //得到响应码
    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
    if(responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
        //得到响应流
        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
        //将响应流转换成字符串
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new                 
        InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"));
        final StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        String line = null;
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            stringBuffer.append(line);
        }
        resp = stringBuffer.toString();
    }
    return resp;
}

post请求示例：

public static String sendPost(String urlString,String params)throws Exception{
    URL url = new URL(urlString);
    //得到connection对象。
    HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    //设置请求方式
    httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
    httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
    httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(10*1000);
    httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(10*1000);
    //连接
    httpURLConnection.connect();
    OutputStream outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
    outputStream.write(params.getBytes("utf-8"));
    //获取内容
    InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
    BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"));
    final StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    String line = null;
    while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
        stringBuffer.append(line);
    }
    String resp = stringBuffer.toString();
    //关闭流
    if (stringBuffer!=null) {
        try {
            bufferedReader.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    if (inputStream!=null) {
        try {
            inputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    if (outputStream!=null) {
        try {
            outputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }      
    return resp;
}

HttpClient

HttpClient是apache的一个项目，封装了很多底层细节。HttpClient 是Apache的一个三方网络框架，网络请求做了完善的封装，api众多，用起来比较方便，开发快。实现比较稳定，bug比较少，但是正式由于其api众多，是我们很难再不破坏兼容性的情况下对其进行扩展。

get请求示例

public static String httpGet(String url) throws IOException {
    String result = ""; 
    //创建HttpClient对象
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
    //发送get请求
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); 
    //请求发送成功，并得到响应
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
        /**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/
        result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        System.out.println(result);
        return result;
    }
    return result;
}

post请求示例

public static String httpPost(String url, String jsonParam) throws IOException {
    String result = ""; 
    //创建HttpClient对象
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
    if (jsonParam != null) {
        //解决中文乱码问题
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam, "utf-8");
        entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
        entity.setContentType("application/json");
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);
    }
    //发送post请求
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    //请求发送成功，并得到响应
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
        /**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/
        result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        System.out.print(result);
        return new String(result.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
    }
    return result;
}

OkHttp

OkHttp 接口设计友好，支持 HTTP/2，并且在弱网和无网环境下有自动检测和恢复机制，因此，是当前 Android APP 开发中使用最广泛的 HTTP clilent lib 之一。OkHttp 是 Square 公司开源的针对 Java 和 Android 程序，封装的一个高性能 http 请求库。

get 请求示例

public static String sendGet(String url)throws Exception {
    //创建OkHttp客户端
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    //构建请求
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .build();
    Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
    //执行获取响应
    Response response = call.execute();
    System.out.println(response.body().string());
    return response.body().string();
}

post请求示例：

public static String sendPost(String url)throws Exception {
    //创建OkHttp客户端
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    //创建请求对象
    RequestBody body = new FormBody.Builder()
            .add("键", "值")
            .add("键", "值").build();
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .post(body)
            .build();
    Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
    //执行获取响应
    Response response = call.execute();
    System.out.println(response.body().string());
    return response.body().string();
}

如果表单是个json：

MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(JSON, "你的json");
如果数据包含文件：

RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
    .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
    .addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(), RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/png"), file))
    .build();