读BitTorrent码日记1

# Written by Petru Paler
# see LICENSE.txt for license information
"""

读码日记: 2004-8-20 笔者：
笔         者: zfive5(醉马不肖 之 [孤舟蓑笠翁， 独钓寒江雪])
注         释：文件是写的函数主要完成对bt种子文件的操作函数，在开始前大家可以
使用make做一个.torrent文件看看其中的内容，在我的e:/1/目录下有两个文件,
dir为:

2004-08-31  15:33      

          .
2004-08-31  15:33                 ..
2004-08-31  14:44                   10 1.txt
2004-08-31  15:35                   11 2.txt

经过使用maketorrent做出来的.torrent文件内容如下(这里由于太长,加入的换行符和空格注释):
d
 8:announce
 30:http://127.0.0.1:6969/announce
 13:creation date
  i1093944351e
 4:info
   d
    5:files
     l
      d
       6:length
        i10e
       4:path
        l
         5:1.txt
        e
       e
       d
        6:length
         i11e
         4:path
        l
         5:2.txt
        e
       e
      e
     4:name
      1:1
     12:piece length
      i32768e
     6:pieces
      20:訢^滢g?覷'最姠痲胴(D4 44 5e e4 de 67 d1 18 03 d3 55 27 d7 ee 8a a2 af 71 eb d8)(这是bt文件块的一个文件块的20 位SHA消息摘要）
   e
 3:nfo
  d
  e
e

写的直接些就是这样的：
announce:http://127.0.0.1:6969/announce
creation date:1093944351(秒数)
info
 files
  {
   length=10(字节)
   path=1.txt
   ,
   length=11(字节)
   path=2.txt
  }
  name=1
  piece length=32768(每一块文件大小)
  pieces=D4 44 5e e4 de 67 d1 18 03 d3 55 27 d7 ee 8a a2 af 71 eb d8
nfo=null(空)

这里有几种类型的数据结构要说明一下:
整型  :  ie  例如: i1093944351e
字符串:  n: 例如: 30:http://127.0.0.1:6969/announce
列表：   l<内容>e 例如: l5:1.txte
字典：   d<内容>e 例如: d6:lengthi10e4:pathl5:1.txteed6:lengthi11e4:pathl5:2.txteee

"""
#bt源码 胜过一切解释
import re
from cStringIO import StringIO

int_filter = re.compile('(0|-?[1-9][0-9]*)e')

#解码整型函数
def decode_int(x, f):
    m = int_filter.match(x, f)
    if m is None:
        raise ValueError
    return (long(m.group(1)), m.end())

string_filter = re.compile('(0|[1-9][0-9]*):')

#解码字符串函数
def decode_string(x, f):
    m = string_filter.match(x, f)
    if m is None:
        raise ValueError
    l = int(m.group(1))
    s = m.end()
    return (x[s:s+l], s + l)

#解码列表函数
def decode_list(x, f):
    r = []
    while x[f] != 'e':
        v, f = bdecode_rec(x, f)
        r.append(v)
    return (r, f + 1)

#解码字典函数
def decode_dict(x, f):
    r = {}
    lastkey = None
    while x[f] != 'e':
        k, f = decode_string(x, f)
        if lastkey is not None and lastkey >= k:
            raise ValueError
        lastkey = k
        v, f = bdecode_rec(x, f)
        r[k] = v
    return (r, f + 1)

#对内的解码函数
def bdecode_rec(x, f):
    t = x[f]
    if t == 'i':
        return decode_int(x, f + 1)
    elif t == 'l':
        return decode_list(x, f + 1)
    elif t == 'd':
        return decode_dict(x, f + 1)
    else:
        return decode_string(x, f)

#对外的解码函数
def bdecode(x):
    try:
        r, l = bdecode_rec(x, 0)
    except IndexError:
        raise ValueError
    if l != len(x):
        raise ValueError
    return r

#测试解码函数
def test_bdecode():
    try:
        bdecode('0:0:')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('ie')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('i341foo382e')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    assert bdecode('i4e') == 4L
    assert bdecode('i0e') == 0L
    assert bdecode('i123456789e') == 123456789L
    assert bdecode('i-10e') == -10L
    try:
        bdecode('i-0e')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('i123')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('i6easd')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('35208734823ljdahflajhdf')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('2:abfdjslhfld')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    assert bdecode('0:') == ''
    assert bdecode('3:abc') == 'abc'
    assert bdecode('10:1234567890') == '1234567890'
    try:
        bdecode('02:xy')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('l')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    assert bdecode('le') == []
    try:
        bdecode('leanfdldjfh')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    assert bdecode('l0:0:0:e') == ['', '', '']
    try:
        bdecode('relwjhrlewjh')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    assert bdecode('li1ei2ei3ee') == [1, 2, 3]
    assert bdecode('l3:asd2:xye') == ['asd', 'xy']
    assert bdecode('ll5:Alice3:Bobeli2ei3eee') == [['Alice', 'Bob'], [2, 3]]
    try:
        bdecode('d')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('defoobar')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    assert bdecode('de') == {}
    assert bdecode('d3:agei25e4:eyes4:bluee') == {'age': 25, 'eyes': 'blue'}
    assert bdecode('d8:spam.mp3d6:author5:Alice6:lengthi100000eee') == {'spam.mp3': {'author': 'Alice', 'length': 100000}}
    try:
        bdecode('d3:fooe')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('di1e0:e')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('d1:b0:1:a0:e')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('d1:a0:1:a0:e')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('i03e')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('l01:ae')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('9999:x')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('l0:')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('d0:0:')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass
    try:
        bdecode('d0:')
        assert 0
    except ValueError:
        pass

#对内编码函数
def bencode_rec(x, b):
    t = type(x)
    if t in (int, long, bool):
        b.write('i%de' % x)
    elif t is str:
        b.write('%d:%s' % (len(x), x))
    elif t in (list, tuple):
        b.write('l')
        for e in x:
            bencode_rec(e, b)
        b.write('e')
    elif t is dict:
        b.write('d')
        keylist = x.keys()
        keylist.sort()
        for k in keylist:
            assert type(k) is str
            bencode_rec(k, b)
            bencode_rec(x[k], b)
        b.write('e')
    else:
        assert 0

#对外编码函数
def bencode(x):
    b = StringIO()
    bencode_rec(x, b)
    return b.getvalue()

#测试编码函数
def test_bencode():
    assert bencode(4) == 'i4e'
    assert bencode(0) == 'i0e'
    assert bencode(-10) == 'i-10e'
    assert bencode(12345678901234567890L) == 'i12345678901234567890e'
    assert bencode('') == '0:'
    assert bencode('abc') == '3:abc'
    assert bencode('1234567890') == '10:1234567890'
    assert bencode([]) == 'le'
    assert bencode([1, 2, 3]) == 'li1ei2ei3ee'
    assert bencode([['Alice', 'Bob'], [2, 3]]) == 'll5:Alice3:Bobeli2ei3eee'
    assert bencode({}) == 'de'
    assert bencode({'age': 25, 'eyes': 'blue'}) == 'd3:agei25e4:eyes4:bluee'
    assert bencode({'spam.mp3': {'author': 'Alice', 'length': 100000}}) == 'd8:spam.mp3d6:author5:Alice6:lengthi100000eee'
    try:
        bencode({1: 'foo'})
        assert 0
    except AssertionError:
        pass