Berkely DB对于高并发、要求速度快的应用来说是个不错的选择,mysql就是用BDB实现的(mysql的后台) ,mysql快,BDB比mysql还要快N倍。BDB是一种嵌入式的、非关系数据库,它与其他的关系数据库RMDBS不同,它没有提供SQL,而是提供了自己的访问接口。作为一种嵌入式的数据库,它是进程内模式的,也就是说它和应用程序在同一内存空间运行,所以速度要高很多,与嵌入式的数据库如Derby、HSQLDB(都是RMDBS的)相比,它效率更高,使用方法也有很大的不同。现在BDB以被Oracle收购。Berkely DB提供的文档Getting Started with Berkeley DB Java Edition可以说是短小精悍(113页),入门相当不错。下面Get Start吧:
Environment:
首先要接触的就是Environment了,使用它来open database以及做一管理方面的事情.
创建Environment,还需要Environment的一些配置信息EnvironmentConfig。
下面是创建的过程:
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EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
myDbEnvironment = new Environment(new File("/export/dbEnv"),
envConfig);
EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
myDbEnvironment = new Environment(new File("/export/dbEnv"),
envConfig);
其中EnvironmentConfig提供了许多配置参数,常用的有:
envConfig.setAllowCreate()//如果不存在的env的话,是否要创建一个新的
envConfig.setReadOnly()//是否为只读的
envConfig.setTransactional()//是否使用事务
参数都是boolean类型的
除了EnvironmentConfig外,还有EnvironmentMutableConfig,他实际是EnvironmentConfig的父类,使用他来配置在创建完Environment之后可以改变
的属性:
setCachePercent()//设置cache的大小占JVM memory的百分比
setCacheSize()//设置cache的大小
setTxnNoSync()//事务提交是否将改变的记录写入磁盘
setTxnWriteNoSync()//事务提交是否将log写入磁盘
下面看一下使用EnvironmentMutableConfig的方法:
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Environment myEnv = new Environment(new File("/export/dbEnv"), null);
EnvironmentMutableConfig envMutableConfig =
new EnvironmentMutableConfig();
envMutableConfig.setTxnNoSync(true);
myEnv.setMutableConfig(envMutableConfig);
Environment myEnv = new Environment(new File("/export/dbEnv"), null);
EnvironmentMutableConfig envMutableConfig =
new EnvironmentMutableConfig();
envMutableConfig.setTxnNoSync(true);
myEnv.setMutableConfig(envMutableConfig);
Environment通过close来关闭,释放资源
下面看看Environment在管理方面的一些方法:
可以通过Environment获得EnvironmentStats,他提供了Environment一些状态信息,
例如使用
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long cacheMisses = myEnv.getStats(null).getNCacheMiss();
long cacheMisses = myEnv.getStats(null).getNCacheMiss();
我们可以获得cache未命中的次数,据此来调整cache的大小
可以同过Environment.getDatabaseNames()来获得Environment的数据库的名字:
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List myDbNames = myDbEnv.getDatabaseNames();
for(int i=0; i < myDbNames.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Database Name: " + (String)myDbNames.get(i));
}
List myDbNames = myDbEnv.getDatabaseNames();
for(int i=0; i < myDbNames.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Database Name: " + (String)myDbNames.get(i));
}
可以通过Environment.removeDatabase()来删除一个数据库:
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String dbName = myDB.getDatabaseName();
myDB.close();
myDBEnv.removeDatabase(null,dbName);
String dbName = myDB.getDatabaseName();
myDB.close();
myDBEnv.removeDatabase(null,dbName);
可以使用Environment.renameDatabase()来重新命名一个数据库:
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String dbName = myDB.getDatabaseName();
String dbNewName = new String(dbName + ".new", "UTF-8");
myDB.close();
myDBEnv.renameDatabase(null,dbName,dbNewName);
String dbName = myDB.getDatabaseName();
String dbNewName = new String(dbName + ".new", "UTF-8");
myDB.close();
myDBEnv.renameDatabase(null,dbName,dbNewName);
可以使用Environment.truncateDatabase()来删除数据库中的所有记录:
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myEnv.truncate(null, // txn handle
myDatabase.getDatabaseName(), // database name
true//whether to return the count of deleted records
);
myEnv.truncate(null, // txn handle
myDatabase.getDatabaseName(), // database name
true//whether to return the count of deleted records
);
第三个参数是否返回删除的记录数,性能有很大不同。false的话会很快
Database:
最重要的一些操作大多都在Database里了,和Environment一样,它也有许多
配置的选项DatabaseConfig,我们先看看选项:
DatabaseConfig.setAllowCreate()//不能存在的话是open操作否创建新的
DatabaseConfig.setBtreeComparator()//设置Btree的比较器
DatabaseConfig.setDuplicateComparator()//设置判断重复的比较器
DatabaseConfig.setSortedDuplicates()//是否允许重复的记录
DatabaseConfig.setExclusiveCreate()//设为true,如果当前数据库已存在,则open失败,也就是说open操作会导致一个新的数据库被创建,默认为false
DatabaseConfig.setReadOnly()//是否是只读的
DatabaseConfig.setTransactional()//是否使用事务
下面我们看看Database的使用流程:
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EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
myDbEnvironment = new Environment(new File("/export/dbEnv"), envConfig);
DatabaseConfig dbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
dbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
myDatabase = myDbEnvironment.openDatabase(null,
"sampleDatabase",
dbConfig);
EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
myDbEnvironment = new Environment(new File("/export/dbEnv"), envConfig);
DatabaseConfig dbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
dbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
myDatabase = myDbEnvironment.openDatabase(null,
"sampleDatabase",
dbConfig);
我们通过Environment的openDatabase来创建Database对象。使用完了Database使用
close方法来关闭数据库释放资源。
Database Records
Database Record是保存在数据库的内容,包含Key和value两部分,他们都被封装成
DatabaseEntry,DatabaseEntry只能存放字节数组,所以只要能把Key和Value是什么
类型的,只要能转化成字节数组就可以被DatabaseEntry封装。基本类型JE都有对应的Binding,复杂的类型可以使用序列化和自定义binding来实现。
下那面我们看看一个使用方法:
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String aKey = "key";
String aData = "data";
try {
DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(aKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry theData = new DatabaseEntry(aData.getBytes("UTF-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
}
String aKey = "key";
String aData = "data";
try {
DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(aKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry theData = new DatabaseEntry(aData.getBytes("UTF-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
}
我们不应该依赖机器默认的编码,通常要指定特定的编码方法getBytes("UTF-8");
我们先看看怎么从数据库中读写记录:
通过Database.put()和Database.get()我们可以从数据库中读写记录
put:
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String aKey = "myFirstKey";
String aData = "myFirstData";
try {
DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(aKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry theData = new DatabaseEntry(aData.getBytes("UTF-8"));
myDatabase.put(null, theKey, theData);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
String aKey = "myFirstKey";
String aData = "myFirstData";
try {
DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(aKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry theData = new DatabaseEntry(aData.getBytes("UTF-8"));
myDatabase.put(null, theKey, theData);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
get:
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String aKey = "myFirstKey";
try {
DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(aKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry theData = new DatabaseEntry();
if (myDatabase.get(null, theKey, theData, LockMode.DEFAULT) ==
OperationStatus.SUCCESS) {
byte[] retData = theData.getData();
String foundData = new String(retData, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("For key: '" + aKey + "' found data: '" +
foundData + "'.");
} else {
System.out.println("No record found for key '" + aKey + "'.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
String aKey = "myFirstKey";
try {
DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(aKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry theData = new DatabaseEntry();
if (myDatabase.get(null, theKey, theData, LockMode.DEFAULT) ==
OperationStatus.SUCCESS) {
byte[] retData = theData.getData();
String foundData = new String(retData, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("For key: '" + aKey + "' found data: '" +
foundData + "'.");
} else {
System.out.println("No record found for key '" + aKey + "'.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
删除操作:
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String aKey = "myFirstKey";
DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(aKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));
myDatabase.delete(null, theKey);
String aKey = "myFirstKey";
DatabaseEntry theKey = new DatabaseEntry(aKey.getBytes("UTF-8"));
myDatabase.delete(null, theKey);
使用BIND APIs来操作基本类型:
我们可以使用JE提供的Bind Apis来操作数字类型和字符串类型:
以Long为例:
存储数据使用Bind Apis一般步骤如下:
1、通过EntryBinding binding =TupleBinding.getPrimitiveBinding(Long.class);
2、通过EntryBinding 把数据放到DatabaseEntry中:
myBinding.objectToEntry(data, dataEntry);
获取数据使用Bind Apis一般步骤如下:
1、通过EntryBinding binding =TupleBinding.getPrimitiveBinding(Long.class);
2、通过EntryBinding将Entry转换成Object Long theLong = (Long) myBinding.entryToObject(theData);
下面代码以测试的形式演示了整个过程:
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package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import java.io.File;
import com.sleepycat.bind.EntryBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding;
import com.sleepycat.je.Database;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseEntry;
import com.sleepycat.je.Environment;
import com.sleepycat.je.EnvironmentConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.LockMode;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class PrimitiveBindingTest extends TestCase{
private Environment env;
private Database db;
private String key = "akey";
private Long data = 1234556633L;
public void setUp()throws Exception{
EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
env = new Environment(new File("etc/dbEnv"),envConfig);
DatabaseConfig dbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
dbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
db = env.openDatabase(null, "myDB", dbConfig);
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(key.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
EntryBinding myBinding = TupleBinding.getPrimitiveBinding(Long.class);
myBinding.objectToEntry(data, dataEntry);
db.put(null, keyEntry, dataEntry);
}
public void testGet()throws Exception{
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(key.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
EntryBinding binding = TupleBinding.getPrimitiveBinding(Long.class);
db.get(null, keyEntry, dataEntry, LockMode.DEFAULT);
Long l = (Long)binding.entryToObject(dataEntry);
assertEquals(l,data);
}
public void tearDown()throws Exception{
db.close();
env.truncateDatabase(null, "myDB",false);
env.close();
}
}
package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import java.io.File;
import com.sleepycat.bind.EntryBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding;
import com.sleepycat.je.Database;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseEntry;
import com.sleepycat.je.Environment;
import com.sleepycat.je.EnvironmentConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.LockMode;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class PrimitiveBindingTest extends TestCase{
private Environment env;
private Database db;
private String key = "akey";
private Long data = 1234556633L;
public void setUp()throws Exception{
EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
env = new Environment(new File("etc/dbEnv"),envConfig);
DatabaseConfig dbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
dbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
db = env.openDatabase(null, "myDB", dbConfig);
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(key.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
EntryBinding myBinding = TupleBinding.getPrimitiveBinding(Long.class);
myBinding.objectToEntry(data, dataEntry);
db.put(null, keyEntry, dataEntry);
}
public void testGet()throws Exception{
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(key.getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
EntryBinding binding = TupleBinding.getPrimitiveBinding(Long.class);
db.get(null, keyEntry, dataEntry, LockMode.DEFAULT);
Long l = (Long)binding.entryToObject(dataEntry);
assertEquals(l,data);
}
public void tearDown()throws Exception{
db.close();
env.truncateDatabase(null, "myDB",false);
env.close();
}
}
序列化复杂的类型
步骤如下:
1、要存储的对象的类需要实现java.io.Serializable
2、打开两个数据库,一个存放数据,另一个存放类的信息
3、实例化com.sleepycat.bind.serial.StoredClassCatalog对象
4、创建uses com.sleepycat.bind.serial.SerialBinding对象
5、使用SerialBinding把对象放到DatabaseEntry中
下面是使用一个能够完整描述这个过程的例子来说明这个过程:
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package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import java.io.File;
import com.sleepycat.bind.EntryBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.serial.SerialBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.serial.StoredClassCatalog;
import com.sleepycat.je.Database;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseEntry;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseException;
import com.sleepycat.je.Environment;
import com.sleepycat.je.EnvironmentConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.LockMode;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class SerializableTypeTest extends TestCase{
private Person person;
private Environment env;
private Database db,classDB;
private StoredClassCatalog classCatalog;
public void setUp()throws Exception{
person = new Person();
person.setAge(12);
person.setName("zhansan");
person.setSex('m');
EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
env = new Environment(new File("etc/dbEnv"),envConfig);
DatabaseConfig dbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
dbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
db = env.openDatabase(null, "myDB", dbConfig);
classDB = env.openDatabase(null, "classDB", dbConfig);
classCatalog = new StoredClassCatalog(classDB);
EntryBinding dataBinding = new SerialBinding(classCatalog,Person.class);
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(person.getName().getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
dataBinding.objectToEntry(person, dataEntry);
db.put(null, keyEntry, dataEntry);
}
public void testGet()throws Exception{
EntryBinding dataBinding = new SerialBinding(classCatalog,Person.class);
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(person.getName().getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
db.get(null, keyEntry, dataEntry, LockMode.DEFAULT);
Person p = (Person)dataBinding.entryToObject(dataEntry);
assertEquals(p.getName(),person.getName());
assertEquals(p.getAge(),person.getAge());
assertEquals(p.getSex(), person.getSex());
}
public void tearDown()throws Exception{
db.close();
classDB.close();
env.truncateDatabase(null, "myDB", false);
env.truncateDatabase(null, "classDB", false);
env.close();
}
}
package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import java.io.File;
import com.sleepycat.bind.EntryBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.serial.SerialBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.serial.StoredClassCatalog;
import com.sleepycat.je.Database;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseEntry;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseException;
import com.sleepycat.je.Environment;
import com.sleepycat.je.EnvironmentConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.LockMode;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class SerializableTypeTest extends TestCase{
private Person person;
private Environment env;
private Database db,classDB;
private StoredClassCatalog classCatalog;
public void setUp()throws Exception{
person = new Person();
person.setAge(12);
person.setName("zhansan");
person.setSex('m');
EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
env = new Environment(new File("etc/dbEnv"),envConfig);
DatabaseConfig dbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
dbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
db = env.openDatabase(null, "myDB", dbConfig);
classDB = env.openDatabase(null, "classDB", dbConfig);
classCatalog = new StoredClassCatalog(classDB);
EntryBinding dataBinding = new SerialBinding(classCatalog,Person.class);
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(person.getName().getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
dataBinding.objectToEntry(person, dataEntry);
db.put(null, keyEntry, dataEntry);
}
public void testGet()throws Exception{
EntryBinding dataBinding = new SerialBinding(classCatalog,Person.class);
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(person.getName().getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
db.get(null, keyEntry, dataEntry, LockMode.DEFAULT);
Person p = (Person)dataBinding.entryToObject(dataEntry);
assertEquals(p.getName(),person.getName());
assertEquals(p.getAge(),person.getAge());
assertEquals(p.getSex(), person.getSex());
}
public void tearDown()throws Exception{
db.close();
classDB.close();
env.truncateDatabase(null, "myDB", false);
env.truncateDatabase(null, "classDB", false);
env.close();
}
}
要存储的对象对应的类
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package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Person implements Serializable{
private String name;
private int age;
private char sex;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public char getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(char sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
}
package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Person implements Serializable{
private String name;
private int age;
private char sex;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public char getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(char sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
}
自定义元组绑定:
存储复杂对象自定义元组绑定的步骤:
1、创建要存储的对象,这个对象的类没有必要实现Serializable接口:
2、扩展com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding来实现自定义的Binging
3、创建2步欻关键的自定义binding对象
4、将创建的对象是用自定义个binding放到DatabaseEntry中
5、使用put方法存入数据库
下面的例子说明了这个过程:
自定义Binging:
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package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleInput;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleOutput;
public class PersonTupleBinding extends TupleBinding{
@Override
public Object entryToObject(TupleInput ti) {
Person person = new Person();
person.setName(ti.readString());
person.setAge(ti.readInt());
person.setSex(ti.readChar());
return person;
}
@Override
public void objectToEntry(Object obj, TupleOutput output) {
Person person = (Person)obj;
output.writeString(person.getName());
output.writeInt(person.getAge());
output.writeChar(person.getSex());
}
}
package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleBinding;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleInput;
import com.sleepycat.bind.tuple.TupleOutput;
public class PersonTupleBinding extends TupleBinding{
@Override
public Object entryToObject(TupleInput ti) {
Person person = new Person();
person.setName(ti.readString());
person.setAge(ti.readInt());
person.setSex(ti.readChar());
return person;
}
@Override
public void objectToEntry(Object obj, TupleOutput output) {
Person person = (Person)obj;
output.writeString(person.getName());
output.writeInt(person.getAge());
output.writeChar(person.getSex());
}
}
put/get的使用过程:
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package edu.jlu.fuliang;
import java.io.File;
import com.sleepycat.je.Database;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseEntry;
import com.sleepycat.je.DatabaseException;
import com.sleepycat.je.Environment;
import com.sleepycat.je.EnvironmentConfig;
import com.sleepycat.je.LockMode;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class CustomTupleBindingTest extends TestCase{
private Person person;
private Environment env;
private Database db;
public void setUp()throws Exception{
person = new Person();
person.setAge(12);
person.setName("zhansan");
person.setSex('m');
EnvironmentConfig envConfig = new EnvironmentConfig();
envConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
env = new Environment(new File("etc/dbEnv"),envConfig);
DatabaseConfig dbConfig = new DatabaseConfig();
dbConfig.setAllowCreate(true);
db = env.openDatabase(null, "myDB", dbConfig);
PersonTupleBinding binding = new PersonTupleBinding();
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(person.getName().getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
binding.objectToEntry(person, dataEntry);
db.put(null, keyEntry, dataEntry);
}
public void testGet()throws Exception{
PersonTupleBinding binding = new PersonTupleBinding();
DatabaseEntry keyEntry = new DatabaseEntry(person.getName().getBytes("UTF-8"));
DatabaseEntry dataEntry = new DatabaseEntry();
db.get(null, keyEntry, dataEntry, LockMode.DEFAULT);
Person p = (Person)binding.entryToObject(dataEntry);
assertEquals(p.getName(),person.getName());
assertEquals(p.getAge(),person.getAge());
assertEquals(p.getSex(), person.getSex());
}
public void tearDown()throws Exception{
db.close();
env.truncateDatabase(null, "myDB", false);
env.close();
}
}