C语言学习笔记(第一天)

快速记忆C语言32个关键字

与数据相关:void,char,unsigned,signed,short,int,long,float,double,struct,union,enum,sizeof,
typedef
修饰变量的关键字:auto,static,const,volatile,extern,register
与流程控制相关：if,else,switch,case,default,for,while,do,return,break,continue,goto

数据类型

数据类型                                     占位符                          占用字节数
unsigned char                             %hhu                                 1
unsigned short                            %hu                                   2
unsigned int                                %u                                     4
unsigned long                             %lu                                    4|8
unsigned long long                     %llu                                    8
signed char|char                          %hhd|%c                            1
signed short|short                       %hd                                    2
signed int|int                               %d                                     4
signed long|long                         %ld                                    4|8
signed long long|long long          %lld                                    8
float                                            %f                                       4
double                                         %lf                                     8
long double                                 %LF                                    12|16
bool                                             无                                       1
注意：
1、signed和unsigned的区别：C语言中默认的是signed,也就是带符号数据,如果要声明一个无符号变量，需要添加unsinged

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	unsigned char a='0';
	printf("%hhu",a);
}

2、char类型占位符%c和使用其它占位符的区别：在输出字符时，若占位符使用的是%c，则输出的是该字符本身。若是其它占位符，则输出的是该字符对应的ASCII码

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	char a='0';
	printf("%c\n",a);
	printf("%hhd\n",a);
}

运行结果如下：

3、由于C语言先于布尔，因此C语言没有真正的布尔类型（后期添加），使用char类型模拟，使用时需要添加stdbool.h头文件。
true <=> 非零
false <=> 0

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
int main()
{
	bool flag=true;
	printf("%hhd\n",flag);
	flag=false;
	printf("%hhd\n",flag);
}

运行结果：