Oracle RMAN物理备份技术之查询和报告

  RMAN备份的查询和报告：

　　LIST命令：

LIST BACKUP; # lists backup sets, image copies, and proxy copies LIST BACKUPSET; # lists only backup sets and proxy copies LIST COPY; # lists only disk copies LIST BACKUP BY FILE; # shows backup sets, proxy copies, and image copies LIST COPY BY FILE; # shows only disk copies LIST EXPIRED BACKUP; LIST EXPIRED BACKUP BY FILE; LIST BACKUP SUMMARY; # lists backup sets, proxy copies, and disk copies LIST EXPIRED BACKUP SUMMARY; LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE; # lists backups of all files in database LIST COPY OF DATAFILE 'ora_home/oradata/trgt/system01.dbf'; # lists copy of specified datafile LIST BACKUPSET 213; # lists specified backup set LIST DATAFILECOPY '/tmp/tools01.dbf'; # lists datafile copy LIST BACKUPSET TAG 'weekly_full_db_backup'; # specify a backup set by tag LIST COPY OF DATAFILE 'ora_home/oradata/trgt/system01.dbf' DEVICE TYPE sbt; # specify a backup or copy by device type LIST BACKUP LIKE '/tmp/%'; # specify a backup by directory or path LIST COPY OF DATAFILE 2 COMPLETED BETWEEN '10-DEC-2002' AND '17-DEC-2002'; # specify a backup or copy by a range of completion dates LIST ARCHIVELOG ALL BACKED UP 2 TIMES TO DEVICE TYPE sbt; # specify logs backed up at least twice to tape LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE 1; LIST BACKUP OF TABLESPACE; LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE; LIST BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL; #简要信息 LIST BACKUP OF ARCHIVELOG ALL; #详细信息 LIST BACKUP OF CONTROFILE; LIST BACKUP OF SPFILE;

　　举个例子：

RMAN>list backup summary; RMAN> list backup summary;

　　备份列表：

=============== 关键字 TY LV S 设备类型 完成时间 段数 副本数 压缩标记 ------- -- -- - ----------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- --- 1 B F A DISK 02-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070102T162107 2 B F A DISK 02-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070102T162107 3 B F A DISK 03-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070103T151828 4 B F A DISK 03-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070103T151828 5 B F A DISK 03-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070103T152054 ……………. 14 B A X DISK 04-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070104T083259 15 B A X DISK 04-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070104T083259 ……………. 79 B 0 A DISK 12-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070112T135430 80 B 1 A DISK 12-1月 -07 1 1 NO TAG20070112T135540 B 表示 backup F 表示 FULL A 表示 archive log 0 1 表示 incremental backup S 说明备份状态 （A　AVAILABLE　　　X EXPIRED )

　　如果我们进行OPEN RESETLOGS方式恢复数据库，RMAN将会记录一个标记 （INCARNATION）。我们在做增量备份的时候，可以以当前的或者以前的标记做为基础；如果保留了足够的归档日志文件，我们也可以以当前的或者以前的标记进行恢复reset database to incarnation 1；关于这方面恢复我们将在以后进行详细示例阐述。

RMAN> LIST INCARNATION;

　　如果这册了多个数据库我们用带有OF DATABASE参数的命令来区别不同数据库。

RMAN> LIST INCARNATION OF DATABASE prod3; RMAN> LIST INCARNATION OF DATABASE; DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time ------- ------- -------- ---------------- ------ ---------- ---------- 1 1 RDBMS 774627068 PARENT 1 21-OCT-03 2 2 RDBMS 774627068 CURRENT 173832 21-OCT-03

　　REPORT命令

　　报告需要备份的文件：

　　我们首先要执行交叉校验，然后可以利用REPORT命令报告需要备份的，RMAN根据我们的备份保留策略来给出结果。

CROSSCHECK BACKUP; # crosschecks backup sets and proxy copies CROSSCHECK COPY; # crosschecks only disk copies of archived redo logs, datafiles and control file RMAN>REPORT NEED BACKUP; RMAN 保留策略将应用于该命令 将 RMAN 保留策略设置为冗余 1 文件冗余备份少于1个 文件 #bkps 名称 ---- ----- ----------------------------------------------------- 5 0 E:/ORACLE/ORADATA/ROME/TEST.DBF

　　我们也可以给出DAYS参数来按照我们的要求时间让RMAN给出需要备份的结果。如下例：

REPORT NEED BACKUP DAYS = 1 DATABASE; # needs min 1 days of logs to recover REPORT NEED BACKUP DAYS = 10 TABLESPACE SYSTEM; REPORT NEED BACKUP DAYS = 5 DATAFILE '…/tools01.dbf';

　　我们也可以报告那些文件需要进行增量备份：

REPORT NEED BACKUP INCREMENTAL = 1 DATABASE; REPORT NEED BACKUP INCREMENTAL = 3 TABLESPACE SYSTEM; REPORT NEED BACKUP INCREMENTAL = 5 DATAFILE '…/users01.dbf';

　　报告过期备份：

CROSSCHECK BACKUP; # lists backups that not needed to recover the database to within last week REPORT OBSOLETE RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS; # lists backups that are superfluous because more than 2 copies are on tape REPORT OBSOLETE REDUNDANCY = 2 DEVICE TYPE sbt;

　　ORPHAN参数报告在同一个标记 （INCARNATION）中间断的备份，前一个备份和后一个备份不连续，也就是说同一个标记（INCARNATION）中两个备份中间有被删除的备份。

REPORT OBSOLETE ORPHAN;

　　删除过期备份：

# delete obsolete backups displayed when you issue REPORT OBSOLETE DELETE OBSOLETE; # delete obsolete backups according to a specified recovery window DELETE OBSOLETE RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS; # delete obsolete backups according to a specified redundancy DELETE OBSOLETE REDUNDANCY = 2;

　　报告数据库方案：

REPORT SCHEMA AT TIME 'SYSDATE-14'; # schema as it was two weeks ago REPORT SCHEMA AT SCN 1000; # schema as it was at scn 1000 REPORT SCHEMA AT SEQUENCE 100 THREAD 1; # schema as it was at sequence 100 REPORT SCHEMA AT SCN 1000;