买股票的最佳时间之二Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II

Say you have an array for which the ith element is the price of a given stock on day i.

Design an algorithm to find the maximum profit. You may complete as many transactions as you like (i.e., buy one and sell one share of the stock multiple times).

Note: You may not engage in multiple transactions at the same time (i.e., you must sell the stock before you buy again).

Example 1:

Input: [7,1,5,3,6,4]
Output: 7
Explanation: Buy on day 2 (price = 1) and sell on day 3 (price = 5), profit = 5-1 = 4.
Then buy on day 4 (price = 3) and sell on day 5 (price = 6), profit = 6-3 = 3.

Example 2:

Input: [1,2,3,4,5]
Output: 4
Explanation: Buy on day 1 (price = 1) and sell on day 5 (price = 5), profit = 5-1 = 4.
Note that you cannot buy on day 1, buy on day 2 and sell them later, as you are
engaging multiple transactions at the same time. You must sell before buying again.

Example 3:

Input: [7,6,4,3,1]
Output: 0
Explanation: In this case, no transaction is done, i.e. max profit = 0.

这道题由于可以无限次买入和卖出。我们都知道炒股想挣钱当然是低价买入高价抛出，那么这里我们只需要从第二天开始，如果当前价格比之前价格高，则把差值加入利润中，因为我们可以昨天买入，今日卖出，若明日价更高的话，还可以今日买入，明日再抛出。以此类推，遍历完整个数组后即可求得最大利润。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<limits.h>

class Solution{
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
        int res=0;
        int res_temp=0;
        int buy = INT_MAX;	
        int sell = 0;
    	for(int price:prices){
    		buy = min(buy,price);  //如果buy比下一个price小，则不买，仍然是buy；如果buy比下一个price大，则取下一个price（也就是买了，这样后面和sell的差值会更大）。
    		sell = max(buy,price);  // 如果buy比下一个price小，则卖了；如果buy比下一个price大，则不卖（否则亏本啊）
    		if(sell > buy){
    			res +=(sell-buy);
    			buy = sell;
    		}
    	}
    	return res;
    }
};

int main(){
	vector<int> prices = {7,1,5,3,6,4};
	Solution S;
	cout << S.maxProfit(prices);
	return 0;
}

别人的写法（简单粗暴，为什么我上面会想得这么复杂…）：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>

class Solution{
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
        int res=0;
    	for(int i=0; i<prices.size()-1; i++){
    		if(prices[i]<prices[i+1])
                res+=(prices[i+1]-prices[i]);
    	}
    	return res;
    }
};

int main(){
	vector<int> prices = {7,1,5,3,6,4};
	Solution S;
	cout << S.maxProfit(prices);
	return 0;
}

参考网址：http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4280803.html
https://leetcode.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-ii/