Unix 命令行参数语法规范标准

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-11 15:44:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-07-11 15:44:53 发布

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本文档详细介绍了Unix标准工具的命令行参数语法，包括选项、选项参数和操作数的定义。它强调了SYNOPSIS部分的特殊记法，并指出实现者和应用开发者应遵循的规则。例如，选项通常按字母顺序列出，且必须与其选项参数分开。如果选项有强制性的选项参数，应用应当使用单独的参数。同时，文档也提到了可选选项参数的处理方式和复杂参数的表示方法。

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12. Utility Conventions

12.1 Utility Argument Syntax

This section describes the argument syntax of the standard utilities and introduces terminology used throughout POSIX.1-2008 for describing the arguments processed by the utilities.

Within POSIX.1-2008, a special notation is used for describing the syntax of a utility's arguments. Unless otherwise noted, all utility descriptions use this notation, which is illustrated by this example (see XCU Simple Commands):

utility_name[-a][-b][-c option_argument]
    [-d|-e][-f[option_argument]][operand...]

The notation used for the SYNOPSIS sections imposes requirements on the implementors of the standard utilities and provides a simple reference for the application developer or system user.

The utility in the example is named utility_name. It is followed by options, option-arguments, and operands. The arguments that consist of <hyphen> characters and single letters or digits, such as 'a', are known as "options'' (or, historically, "flags"). Certain options are followed by an "option-argument", as shown with [ -c option_argument]. The arguments following the last options and option-arguments are named "operands".
Option-arguments are shown separated from their options by <blank> characters, except when the option-argument is enclosed in the '[' and ']' notation to indicate that it is optional. This reflects the situation in which an optional option-argument (if present) is included within the same argument string as the option; for a mandatory option-argument, it is the next argument. The Utility Syntax Guidelines in Utility Syntax Guidelines require that the option be a separate argument from its option-argument and that option-arguments not be optional, but there are some exceptions in POSIX.1-2008 to ensure continued operation of historical applications:
1. If the SYNOPSIS of a standard utility shows an option with a mandatory option-argument (as with [ -c option_argument] in the example), a conforming application shall use separate arguments for that option and its option-argument. However, a conforming implementation shall also permit application