转载于:http://blog.csdn.net/wangjian5748/article/details/1199549
本文主要介绍使用sprin
一、Spring提供的JUnit框架扩展:
- AbstractSpringContextTests:spring中使用spring上下文测试的Junit扩展类,我们一般不会使用这个类来进行单元测试,它是spring内部设计使用到的类
- AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests:这是AbstractSpringContextTests的直接子类,支持依赖spring上下文的测试类,这个类不支持事务。
- AbstractTransactionalSpringContextTests:这是AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests的直接子类,这个类一般应用在事务相关的测试中,一旦完成每个测试它就会正常地回滚事务,不会真正更新数据库,若要手动设置事务相关操作,你可以重载onSetUpInTransaction和onTearDownInTransaction方法,以便手工开始并提交事务,或者调用setComplete()方法。这个类也可以在没有事务的情况下,使用这个类。
- AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests:这是AbstractTransactionalSpringContextTests的直接子类,它使用了Spring的基于JDBC的jdbcTemplate工具类,支持数据库级别的事务。
我是按照继承顺序介绍上面四个类的,具体可以参考spring的api文档,或者可以阅读spring的源代码,很简单的代码。
二、测试策略:
下面用一个真实项目的简化版本来作例子,测试的具体目录路径:
test
--system
--dao
--UserDAOImplTest.java
......
--service
--UserServiceImplTest.java
......
--AbstractSystemTest.java
--testSystemContext.xml
--manage
--dao
--CustomerDAOImplTest.java
......
--service
--CustomerServiceImplTest.java
......
--AbstractManageTest.java
--testSystemContext.xml
--testApplicationContext.xml
解释:
test是测试路径,system与manage是模块名(这本来是package的路径,为了简化,我就把前面的包名删除了),每个模块中有一个spring的配置文件(我的spring配置文件的命名策略是test+模块名+Context),一个模块级别测试基类(主要是载入spring配置文件,每个该模块的单元测试类都继承该类),然后是分层路径,这里是DAO和service层,包括所有的DAO与service单元测试类,我们还有一个总的spring配置文件testApplicationContext.xml。再多的解释,也不如代码最明显,下面是部分示例代码
testApplicationContext.xml
<bean id="propertyConfigurer"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>jdbc.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>${jdbc.driverClassName}</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>${jdbc.url}</value>
</property>
<property name="username">
<value>${jdbc.username}</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>${jdbc.password}</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="parentSessionFactory" abstract="true"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect
</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">
org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.max_fetch_depth">3</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cglib.use_reflection_optimizer">
true
</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- transaction -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<bean id="baseTransactionProxy"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
abstract="true">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -ApplicationException
</prop>
<prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="list*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Base DAO -->
<bean id="baseDAO" abstract="true"
class="com.mycompany.myproject.framework.BaseDAOImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>jdbc.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>${jdbc.driverClassName}</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>${jdbc.url}</value>
</property>
<property name="username">
<value>${jdbc.username}</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>${jdbc.password}</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="parentSessionFactory" abstract="true"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect
</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">
org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.max_fetch_depth">3</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cglib.use_reflection_optimizer">
true
</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- transaction -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<bean id="baseTransactionProxy"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
abstract="true">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="*">
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -ApplicationException
</prop>
<prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="list*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Base DAO -->
<bean id="baseDAO" abstract="true"
class="com.mycompany.myproject.framework.BaseDAOImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
所有的spring的基本配置文件都放在这里面,我巧妙的把利用spring提供的配置技巧声明了一个抽象的parentSessionFactory,然后让每个子模块的sessionFactory都继承这个对象,这样就减少了不少重复的配置文件
testSystemContext.xml
<bean id="sessionFactory" parent="parentSessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="mappingDirectoryLocations">
<list>
<value>
com/mycompany/myproject/domain/system/maps
</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- DAO -->
<bean id="userDAO" parent="baseDAO"
class="com.mycompany.myproject.module.system.dao.UserDAOImpl">
<constructor-arg>
<value>com.mycompany.myproject.domain.system.User</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- Service -->
<bean id="userService" parent="baseTransactionProxy">
<property name="target">
<bean
class="com.mycompany.myproject.module.system.service.UserServiceImpl">
<property name="userDAO" ref="userDAO" />
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="mappingDirectoryLocations">
<list>
<value>
com/mycompany/myproject/domain/system/maps
</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- DAO -->
<bean id="userDAO" parent="baseDAO"
class="com.mycompany.myproject.module.system.dao.UserDAOImpl">
<constructor-arg>
<value>com.mycompany.myproject.domain.system.User</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- Service -->
<bean id="userService" parent="baseTransactionProxy">
<property name="target">
<bean
class="com.mycompany.myproject.module.system.service.UserServiceImpl">
<property name="userDAO" ref="userDAO" />
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
在这个文件中,声明了一个继承parentSessionFactory的sessionFactory,只需配置mappingDirectoryLocations
AbstractSystemTest.java
public abstract class AbstractSystemTest extends
AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests {
protected String[] getConfigLocations() {
String[] config = new String[] { "testApplicationContext.xml",
"system/testSystemContext.xml" };
return config;
}
}
AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests {
protected String[] getConfigLocations() {
String[] config = new String[] { "testApplicationContext.xml",
"system/testSystemContext.xml" };
return config;
}
}
覆盖基类的方法,提供寻找配置文件的功能,自己可以根据情况把基类改为AbstractTransactionalSpringContextTests
UserDAOImplTest.java
public class UserDAOImplTest extends AbstractSystemTest {
public UserDAO getUserDAO() {
return (UserDAO) applicationContext.getBean("userDAO");
}
public void testLoadObject() {
User user = (User) this.getUserDAO().find("01");
public UserDAO getUserDAO() {
return (UserDAO) applicationContext.getBean("userDAO");
}
public void testLoadObject() {
User user = (User) this.getUserDAO().find("01");
assertNull(user);
}
}
UserServiceImplTest.java
public class UserServiceImplTest extends AbstractSystemTest {
public UserService getUserService() {
return (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
}
public void testLoadUser() {
User user = (User) this.getUserService().find("01");
assertNull(user);
}
}
public UserService getUserService() {
return (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
}
public void testLoadUser() {
User user = (User) this.getUserService().find("01");
assertNull(user);
}
}
我的基本策略,就是让让每个开发人员写的单元测试之间不会相互干扰,其实,在spring中的关键问题时把载入context配置文件相互不干扰。上面的示例表明,采用spring提供的配置文件可以轻松达到这个目的
但是,到了项目中后期的时候,会发现service经常需要访问不属于自己模块的DAO,或者是domain对象的关联被映射在hibernate配置文件中,这时会发现这个方式很耗时,因为你需要导入别的模块的配置文件,这时可以采用一个sessionFacotry的配置,而且这时domain对象也很稳定了,不会经常出现
unmmaped class的异常。
写一篇文章真是很痛苦,搞了5个小时,真消耗时间。