Python + selenium二次封装API

PO 模式解决的是元素定位与操作的分离；
selenium API 二次开发解决的API易用性。

对selenium常用方法进行二次封装

module.py

# coding=utf-8
"""
此文件为selenium常用方法二次封装文件
"""
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException,TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select


class browser(object):
    """
    selenium框架的主要类
    """
    original_window = None

    def __init__(self, browser='chrome'):
        """
        运行初始化方法默认chrome，当然，你也可以传入一个其他浏览器名称，
        """
        if browser == "firefox" or browser == "ff":
            self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        elif browser == "chrome":
            self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        elif browser == "internet explorer" or browser == "ie":
            self.driver = webdriver.Ie()
        elif browser == "opera":
            self.driver = webdriver.Opera()
        elif browser == "chrome_headless":
            chrome_options = Options()
            chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
            self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
        elif browser == 'edge':
            self.driver = webdriver.Edge()
        else:
            raise NameError(
                "找不到 %s 浏览器,你应该从这里面选取一个 'ie', 'ff', 'opera', 'edge', 'chrome' or 'chrome_headless'." % browser)

    def element_wait(self, by, value, secs=5):
        """
        等待元素显示
        """
        try:
            if by == "id":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, value)))
            elif by == "name":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, value)))
            elif by == "class":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, value)))
            elif by == "link_text":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, value)))
            elif by == "xpath":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, value)))
            elif by == "css":
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)))
            else:
                raise NoSuchElementException(
                    "找不到元素，请检查语法或元素")
        except TimeoutException:
            print("查找元素超时请检查元素")

    def get_element(self, css):
        """
        判断元素定位方式，并返回元素
        """
        if "=>" not in css:
            by = "css"  # 如果是css的格式是#aaa,所以在此加入判断如果不包含=>就默认是css传给上面的element_wait判断元素是否存在
            value = css
            # wait element.
            self.element_wait(by, css)
        else:
            by = css.split("=>")[0]
            value = css.split("=>")[1]
            if by == "" or value == "":
                raise NameError(
                    "语法错误，参考: 'id=>kw 或 xpath=>//*[@id='kw'].")
            self.element_wait(by, value)

        if by == "id":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)
        elif by == "name":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)
        elif by == "class":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(value)
        elif by == "link_text":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(value)
        elif by == "xpath":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)  # 如果是xpath要以此格式传入xpath=>//*[@id='su']
        elif by == "css":
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(value)
        else:
            raise NameError(
                "Please enter the correct targeting elements,'id','name','class','link_text','xpath','css'.")
        return element

    def open(self, url):
        """
        打开url.
        用法:
        driver.open("https://www.baidu.com")
        """
        self.driver.get(url)

    def max_window(self):
        """
        设置浏览器最大化.
        用法:
        driver.max_window()
        """
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def set_window(self, wide, high):
        """
        设置浏览器窗口宽和高.
        用法:
        driver.set_window(wide,high)
        """
        self.driver.set_window_size(wide, high)

    def send_value(self, css, text):
        """
        操作输入框.
        用法:
        driver.type("css=>#el","selenium")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.send_keys(text)

    def clear(self, css):
        """
        清除输入框的内容.
        用法:
        driver.clear("css=>#el")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.clear()

    def click(self, css):
        """
        它可以点击任何文本/图像
        连接，复选框，单选按钮，甚至下拉框等等..
        用法:
        driver.click("css=>#el")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.click()

    def right_click(self, css):
        """
        右键单击元素.
        用法:
        driver.right_click("css=>#el")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        ActionChains(self.driver).context_click(el).perform()

    def move_to_element(self, css):
        """
        鼠标移到元素（悬停）.
        用法:
        driver.move_to_element("css=>#el")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(el).perform()

    def double_click(self, css):
        """
        双击元素.
        用法:
        driver.double_click("css=>#el")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        ActionChains(self.driver).double_click(el).perform()

    def drag_and_drop(self, el_css, ta_css):
        """
        把一个元素拖到一定的距离，然后把它放下.
        用法:
        driver.drag_and_drop("css=>#el","css=>#ta")
        """
        element = self.get_element(el_css)
        target = self.get_element(ta_css)
        ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(element, target).perform()

    def click_text(self, text):
        """
        单击链接文本中的元素
        用法:
        driver.click_text("新闻")
        """
        self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(text).click()

    def close(self):
        """
        模拟用户在弹出框的标题栏中点击“关闭”按钮窗口或选项卡.
        Usage:
        driver.close()
        """
        self.driver.close()

    def quit(self):
        """
        关闭使用的所有窗口.
        用法:
        driver.quit()
        """
        self.driver.quit()

    def submit(self, css):
        """
        提交指定的表单
        用法:
        driver.submit("css=>#el")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.submit()

    def F5(self):
        """
        刷新当前页面.
        用法:
        driver.F5()
        """
        self.driver.refresh()

    def js(self, script):
        """
        执行JavaScript脚本.
        用法:
        driver.js("window.scrollTo(200,1000);")
        """
        self.driver.execute_script(script)

    def get_attribute(self, css, attribute):
        """
        获取元素属性的值.
        用法:
        driver.get_attribute("css=>#el","type")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        return el.get_attribute(attribute)

    def get_text(self, css):
        """
        获得元素文本信息
        用法:
        driver.get_text("css=>#el")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        return el.text

    def get_display(self, css):
        """
        获取元素来显示，返回结果为真或假.
        用法:
        driver.get_display("css=>#el")
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        return el.is_displayed()

    def get_title(self):
        """
        得到窗口标题.
        用法:
        driver.get_title()
        """
        return self.driver.title

    def get_url(self):
        """
        获取当前页面的URL地址.
        用法:
        driver.get_url()
        """
        return self.driver.current_url

    def get_alert_text(self):
        """
        得到警报的文本.
        用法:
        driver.get_alert_text()
        """
        return self.driver.switch_to.alert.text

    def wait(self, secs):
        """
        隐式等，页面上的所有元素.
        用法:
        driver.wait(10)
        """
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(secs)

    def accept_alert(self):
        """
        接受警告框.
        用法:
        driver.accept_alert()
        """
        self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()

    def dismiss_alert(self):
        """
        Dismisses the alert available.
        用法:
        driver.dismiss_alert()
        """
        self.driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()

    def switch_to_frame(self, css):
        """
        切换到指定的frame.
        用法:
        driver.switch_to_frame("css=>#el")
        """
        iframe_el = self.get_element(css)
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe_el)

    def switch_to_frame_out(self):
        """
        Returns the current form machine form at the next higher level.
        Corresponding relationship with switch_to_frame () method.
        Usage:
        driver.switch_to_frame_out()
        """
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()

    def open_new_window(self, css):
        """
        打开新窗口并切换到新打开的窗口.
        用法:
        传入一个点击后会跳转的元素
        driver.open_new_window("link_text=>注册")
        """
        original_window = self.driver.current_window_handle
        el = self.get_element(css)
        el.click()
        all_handles = self.driver.window_handles
        for handle in all_handles:
            if handle != original_window:
                self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)

    def get_screen_shot(self, file_path):
        """将当前窗口的屏幕截图保存到PNG图像文件中.
        用法:
        driver.get_screen_shot('/Screenshots/foo.png')
        """
        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(file_path)

    def select(self, css, value):
        """
        构造函数。对给定的元素进行了检查，确实是一个SELECT标记。如果不是,
        然后抛出一个意料之外的tag name exception.
        :Args:
         - css - element SELECT element to wrap
         - value - The value to match against
        Usage:
            <select name="NR" id="nr">
                <option value="10" selected="">每页显示10条</option>
                <option value="20">每页显示20条</option>
                <option value="50">每页显示50条</option>
            </select>
            driver.select("#nr", '20')
            driver.select("xpath=>//[@name='NR']", '20')
        """
        el = self.get_element(css)
        Select(el).select_by_value(value)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver = browser("chrome")

编写测试脚本

以Page Object 设计模式编写

paget.py

# 编写测试元素操作
class baidu_test:
    def __init__(self,driver,url="https://www.baidu.com/" ):
        self.driver = driver
        self.driver.max_window()
        self.url = url

    def search(self,search_keys):
        self.driver.open(self.url)#注意不要把打开网址放置到test之前
        self.driver.send_value('id=>kw',search_keys)

    def search_button(self):
        self.driver.click("xpath=>//*[@id='su']")

baidu_test.py

from module import browser
import unittest,time
from time import sleep
from parameterized import parameterized
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
from paget import baidu_test
class test(unittest.TestCase):
    """百度搜索测试"""
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.dr = browser("chrome")#调用二次封装类，传入浏览器或使用默认浏览
        cls.test = baidu_test(cls.dr)
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        cls.dr.close()

    @parameterized.expand([
        ("selenium", "selenium_百度搜索"),  # 此处为file.csv中的数据
        ("selenium2","selenium2_百度搜索"),
        ("selenium31","selenium3_百度搜索"),
        ("webdriver","webdriver_百度搜索"),
    ])
    def test_search(self, search_str, assrt_str):  # 接收上面的两个参数
        '''百度测试用例'''
        self.test.search(search_str)
        self.test.search_button()
        sleep(1)
        self.assertEqual(self.dr.get_title(), assrt_str) #调用二次封装类中的获取title进行断言
        sleep(2)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # unittest.main()
    test_script = "./"  # 需要执行的脚本路径
    test_repot = "D:/"  # 测试报告存放路径
    discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_script, pattern="baidu.py")  # 传入路径及脚本名称
    date = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S")  # 当前时间
    filname = test_repot + date + "result.html"  # 将报告存放路径、当前时间、文件名称拼接
    op = open(filname, "wb")  # 创建并以二进制写入
    runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=op,  # 测试报告的昵称
                            title="百度测试",  # 标题
                            description="以下为执行结果建议Chrome打开")  # 描述
    runner.run(discover)  # 运行
    op.close()  # 关闭文件