Android蓝牙BLE开发步骤

步骤：

1、开始准备（包括：添加权限，判断支持，打开蓝牙）

2、扫描设备（扫描BLE设备）

3、建立连接（能过地址，并建立GATT连接）

4、列举服务（列举BLE设备开启了哪些服务，并找出相关特征）

5、开始通信（读写数据，通知等）

6、关闭连接

1、添加权限和特征

<!-- 添加蓝牙权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <!-- 添加BLE特征 -->
    <uses-feature
        android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le"
        android:required="false" />

2、判断是否支持BLE和蓝牙
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null;

if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(
                PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
            toast("ble not supported");
            finish();
        }

        // 初始化BluetoothAdapter, 通过蓝牙管理器得到一个参考蓝牙适配器(API必须在以上android4.3或以上和版本)
        final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

        // 检查设备上是否支持蓝牙不支 持就退出程序
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            toast("bluetooth not supported");
            finish();
        }

3、打开蓝牙开始扫描BLE设备
private boolean mScanning;
    private Handler mHandler;

    private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1;
    // 10秒后停止查找搜索.
    private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;

// 为了确保设备上蓝牙能使用, 如果当前蓝牙设备没启用,弹出对话框向用户要求授予权限来启用
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
                startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
            }
        }

        // Initializes list view adapter.
        mLeDeviceListAdapter = new LeDeviceListAdapter();
        setListAdapter(mLeDeviceListAdapter);
        scanLeDevice(true);

4、扫描BLE设备方法
private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {
        if (enable) {
            // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mScanning = false;
                    mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
                    invalidateOptionsMenu();
                }
            }, SCAN_PERIOD);

            mScanning = true;
            mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        } else {
            mScanning = false;
            mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        }
        invalidateOptionsMenu();
    }

 // Device scan callback.
    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {

        @Override
        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);
                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                }
            });
        }
    };

5、建立连接
private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status,
                int newState) {
            String intentAction;
            System.out.println("=======status:" + status);
            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
                Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
                // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
                Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:"
                        + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());

            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
                mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
                Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
            } else {
                Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
            System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {

            System.out.println("onDescriptorWriteonDescriptorWrite = " + status
                    + ", descriptor =" + descriptor.getUuid().toString());
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            if (characteristic.getValue() != null) {

                System.out.println(characteristic.getStringValue(0));
            }
            System.out.println("--------onCharacteristicChanged-----");
        }

        @Override
        public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {
            System.out.println("rssi = " + rssi);
        }

        public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
            System.out.println("--------write success----- status:" + status);

        };
    };

public boolean connect(final String address) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
            Log.w(TAG,
                    "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
            return false;
        }

        // Previously connected device. Try to reconnect. (先前连接的设备。 尝试重新连接)
        if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null
                && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
                && mBluetoothGatt != null) {
            Log.d(TAG,
                    "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
            if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }

        final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter
                .getRemoteDevice(address);
        if (device == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");
            return false;
        }
        // We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the
        // autoConnect
        // parameter to false.
        mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
        mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
        mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
        return true;
    }

6、枚举服务和特征

/**
     * Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This
     * should be invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()}
     * completes successfully.
     *
     * @return A {@code List} of supported services.
     */
    public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null)
            return null;

        return mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
    }

    /**
     * Read the RSSI for a connected remote device.
     * */
    public boolean getRssiVal() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null)
            return false;

        return mBluetoothGatt.readRemoteRssi();
    }

7、数据读写

    public void wirteCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {

        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }

        mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);

    }

    /**
     * Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read
     * result is reported asynchronously through the
     * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)}
     * callback.
     *
     * @param characteristic
     *            The characteristic to read from.
     */
    public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    }

    /**
     * Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic.
     *
     * @param characteristic
     *            Characteristic to act on.
     * @param enabled
     *            If true, enable notification. False otherwise.
     */
    public void setCharacteristicNotification(
            BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean enabled) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
        BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID
                .fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
        if (descriptor != null) {
            System.out.println("write descriptor");
            descriptor
                    .setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
            mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
        }
        /*
         * // This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement. if
         * (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
         * System
         * .out.println("characteristic.getUuid() == "+characteristic.getUuid
         * ()+", "); BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor =
         * characteristic.getDescriptor
         * (UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
         * descriptor
         * .setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
         * mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor); }
         */
    }


8、断开连接，关闭通信
    /**
     * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The
     * disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the
     * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
     * callback.
     */
    public void disconnect() {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
    }

    /**
     * After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure
     * resources are released properly.
     */
    public void close() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.close();
        mBluetoothGatt = null;
    }