Linux文件打包及下载命令-gzip命令

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-09 07:37:13 发布

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分类专栏： # Linux文件打包及下载命令文章标签： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhan9le/article/details/126421088

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一、gzip命令

减少文件占用空间大小有两个明显的好处，一是可以减少存储空间，二是通过网络传输文件时，可以减少传输的时间。gzip是在Linux系统中经常使用的一个对文件进行压缩和解压缩的命令，既方便又好用。gzip不仅可以用来压缩大的、较少使用的文件以节省磁盘空间，还可以和tar命令一起构成Linux操作系统中比较流行的压缩文件格式。据统计，gzip命令对文本文件有60%～70%的压缩率。

1．命令格式

gzip[参数][文件或者目录]

2．命令功能

gzip是个使用广泛的压缩程序，文件经它压缩过后，其名称后面会多出”.gz“的扩展名。

3．命令参数

-a或--ascii 　使用ASCII文字模式。
-c或--stdout或--to-stdout 　把压缩后的文件输出到标准输出设备，不去更动原始文件。
-d或--decompress或----uncompress 　解开压缩文件。
-f或--force 　强行压缩文件。不理会文件名称或硬连接是否存在以及该文件是否为符号连接。
-h或--help 　在线帮助。
-l或--list 　列出压缩文件的相关信息。
-L或--license 　显示版本与版权信息。
-n或--no-name 　压缩文件时，不保存原来的文件名称及时间戳记。
-N或--name 　压缩文件时，保存原来的文件名称及时间戳记。
-q或--quiet 　不显示警告信息。
-r或--recursive 　递归处理，将指定目录下的所有文件及子目录一并处理。
-S<压缩字尾字符串>或----suffix<压缩字尾字符串> 　更改压缩字尾字符串。
-t或--test 　测试压缩文件是否正确无误。
-v或--verbose 　显示指令执行过程。
-V或--version 　显示版本信息。
-num 用指定的数字num调整压缩的速度，-1或--fast表示最快压缩方法(低压缩比)，-9或--best表示最慢压缩方法(高压缩比)。系统缺省值为6。

4．使用实例

实例1：把test4目录下的每个文件压缩成.gz文件

命令：

gzip *

输出：

[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ ll
total 12
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 464 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 384 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   7 Feb 16 21:17 log_link.log -> log.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   1 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ gzip *
gzip: log_link.log: Too many levels of symbolic links
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ ll
total 36
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   7 Feb 16 21:17 log_link.log -> log.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$

实例2：把例1中每个压缩的文件解压，并列出详细的信息

命令：
gzip -dv *
输出：

[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ ll
total 36
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ gzip -dv *
log1.log.gz:     48.3% -- replaced with log1.log
log2018.log.gz:   0.0% -- replaced with log2018.log
log2019.log.gz:   0.0% -- replaced with log2019.log
log2020.log.gz:   0.0% -- replaced with log2020.log
log2.log.gz:      0.0% -- replaced with log2.log
log3.log.gz:     49.7% -- replaced with log3.log
log.log.gz:       0.0% -- replaced with log.log
test3.log.gz:     0.0% -- replaced with test3.log
tmpcore.log.gz: -200.0% -- replaced with tmpcore.log
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$

实例3：详细显示例1中每个压缩的文件的信息，并不解压

命令：

gzip -l *

输出：

[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ ll
total 36
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ gzip -l

^C
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ gzip -l *
         compressed        uncompressed  ratio uncompressed_name
                267                 464  48.3% log1.log
                 32                   0   0.0% log2018.log
                 32                   0   0.0% log2019.log
                 32                   0   0.0% log2020.log
                 29                   0   0.0% log2.log
                220                 384  49.7% log3.log
                 28                   0   0.0% log.log
                 30                   0   0.0% test3.log
                 33                   1 -200.0% tmpcore.log
                703                 849  20.7% (totals)
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$

实例4：压缩一个tar备份文件，此时压缩文件的扩展名为.tar.gz

命令：

gzip -r log.tar

输出：

[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ tar -cvf log.tar log.log
log.log
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ ll
total 24
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   464 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu    0 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   384 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 10240 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     1 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$ gzip -r log.tar
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$  ls -al log.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 125 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar.gz
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost test4]$

实例5：递归的压缩目录

命令：

gzip -rv test4

输出：

[tianyuanmengniu@localhost ~]$ ll test4/
total 16
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 464 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 384 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 log.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 125 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   0 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   1 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost ~]$ gzip -rv test4/
test4//log1.log:         48.3% -- replaced with test4//log1.log.gz
test4//log2018.log:       0.0% -- replaced with test4//log2018.log.gz
test4//log2019.log:       0.0% -- replaced with test4//log2019.log.gz
test4//log2020.log:       0.0% -- replaced with test4//log2020.log.gz
test4//log2.log:          0.0% -- replaced with test4//log2.log.gz
test4//log3.log:         49.7% -- replaced with test4//log3.log.gz
test4//log.log:   0.0% -- replaced with test4//log.log.gz
test4//test3.log:         0.0% -- replaced with test4//test3.log.gz
test4//tmpcore.log:     -200.0% -- replaced with test4//tmpcore.log.gz
gzip: test4//log.tar.gz already has .gz suffix -- unchanged
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost ~]$ ll test4/
total 40
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 125 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost ~]$

说明：这样，所有test下面的文件都变成了*.gz，目录依然存在只是目录里面的文件相应变成了*.gz。这就是压缩，和打包不同。因为是对目录操作，所以需要加上-r选项，这样也可以对子目录进行递归了。

实例6：递归地解压目录

命令：

gzip -dr test4

输出：

[tianyuanmengniu@localhost ~]$ ll test4/
total 40
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 267 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  32 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log.gz
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  29 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 220 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  28 Feb 16 21:17 log.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 125 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  30 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu  33 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log.gz
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost ~]$ gzip -rd test4
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost ~]$ ll test4
total 24
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   464 Feb 16 21:17 log1.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2018.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2019.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2020.log
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log2.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu   384 Feb 16 21:17 log3.log
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 log.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu 10240 Feb 16 21:25 log.tar
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     0 Feb 16 21:17 test3.log
-rw-rw-r--. 1 tianyuanmengniu tianyuanmengniu     1 Feb 16 21:17 tmpcore.log
[tianyuanmengniu@localhost ~]$