(1) 关于Java Enum:学过C/C++等语言的人,应该都对Enum类型略知一二。JDK1.5之前没有Enum这个类型,那时候一般用接口常量来替代。有了JavaEnum之后,可以更贴近的表示这种常量。
(2)如何使用Java Enum。
简单的用法:JavaEnum简单的用法一般用于代表一组常用常量。如:
性别:
public enum SexEnum {
male, female;
}
颜色:
public enum Color {
RED, BLUE,GREEN,BLACK;
}
枚举对象里面的值都必须是唯一的。可以通过Enum类型名直接引用该常量,如SexEnum.male,Color.RED.
复杂用法:Java为枚举类型提供了一些内置的方法,同时枚举常量还可以有自己的方法,可以很方便的遍历枚举对象。
(3)实例
enum类文件WeekDay.java:
public enum WeekDay {
Mon("Monday"), //两个应该都是String类型
Tue("Tuesday"),
Wed("Wednesday"),
Thu("Thursday"),
Fri("Friday"),
Sat("Saturday"),
Sun("Sunday");
private final String day;
private WeekDay(String day) { //enum类的构造函数
this.day = day;
}
public static void printDay(int i){
switch(i){
case 1: System.out.println(WeekDay.Mon); break;
case 2: System.out.println(WeekDay.Tue);break;
case 3: System.out.println(WeekDay.Wed);break;
case 4: System.out.println(WeekDay.Thu);break;
case 5: System.out.println(WeekDay.Fri);break;
case 6: System.out.println(WeekDay.Sat);break;
case 7: System.out.println(WeekDay.Sun);break; //输出的其实是enum的值,而不是成员对应的string值
default:System.out.println("wrong number!");
}
}
public String getDay() {
return day;
}
}
测试文件 WeekDayTest.java:
public class WeekDayTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
for (WeekDay day : WeekDay.values()) { //循环计数
System.out.println(day + "====>" + day.getDay()); //enum值 enum对应的string值
}
WeekDay.printDay(5);
}
}
执行结果是:
Mon====>Monday
Tue====>Tuesday
Wed====>Wednesday
Thu====>Thursday
Fri====>Friday
Sat====>Saturday
Sun====>Sunday
Fri
(4)java enum本质
Java Enum类型的语法结构尽管和java类的语法不一样,但是经过编译器编译之后产生的是一个class文件。该class文件经过反编译可以看到实际上是生成了一个类,该类继承了java.lang.Enum。
public final class WeekDay extends java.lang.Enum{
public static final WeekDay Mon;
public static final WeekDay Tue;
public static final WeekDay Wed;
public static final WeekDay Thu;
public static final WeekDay Fri;
public static final WeekDay Sat;
public static final WeekDay Sun;
static {};
public static void printDay(int);
public java.lang.String getDay();
public static WeekDay[] values();
public static WeekDay valueOf(java.lang.String);
}
所以实际上Enum类型就是以Java类来实现的,没有什么新的特点,只不过java编译器帮我们做了语法的解析和编译。
(5)java的ordinal函数
Enum类提供了一个ordinal()方法,用来返回枚举对象的序数。
private static enum gene_actions{
ACTION0,
ACTION1,
ACTION2,
ACTION3,
}
public final static int INVALID_ACTION = gene_actions.ACTION0.ordinal();
public final static int SMART_HANDFREE_ACTION = gene_actions.ACTION1.ordinal();
public final static int ANTI_EAVESDROP_ACTION = gene_actions.ACTION2.ordinal();
public final static int DIRECT_CALL_ACTION = gene_actions.ACTION3.ordinal();
得到序数值就是0 1 2 3
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在ECLIPSE中的某个工程使用json,需要导入额外的json包,比如json-20090211.jar。从网上下到这个库之后,放到工程目录下,在project导入的方法是:点击工程右键-》属性-》Java build path-》libraries,再点击右边的add external JARs,选中刚才放置的Jar包就可以了。
比如如下的工程,从网站地理位置数据中返回特定数据
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
/**
* java根据url获取json对象
* @author openks
* @since 2013-7-16
* 需要添加java-json.jar才能运行
*/
public class TestJava {
private static String readAll(Reader rd) throws IOException {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int cp;
while ((cp = rd.read()) != -1) {
sb.append((char) cp);
}
return sb.toString();
}
public static JSONObject readJsonFromUrl(String url) throws IOException, JSONException {
InputStream is = new URL(url).openStream();
try {
BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
String jsonText = readAll(rd);
JSONObject json = new JSONObject(jsonText);
return json;
} finally {
is.close();
// System.out.println("同时 从这里也能看出 即便return了,仍然会执行finally的!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, JSONException {
//这里调用百度的ip定位api服务 详见 http://api.map.baidu.com/lbsapi/cloud/ip-location-api.htm
JSONObject json = readJsonFromUrl("http://api.map.baidu.com/location/ip?ak=F454f8a5efe5e577997931cc01de3974&ip=202.198.16.3");
System.out.println(json.toString());
System.out.println();
System.out.println(((JSONObject) json.get("content")).get("address"));
}
}
执行结果是
{"content":{"point":{"y":"5419815.34","x":"13950002.65"},"address":"吉林省长春市","address_detail":{"street":"","province":"吉林省","city_code":53,"street_number":"","district":"","city":"长春市"}},"status":0,"address":"CN|吉林|长春|None|CERNET|0|0"}
吉林省长春市