部分内容参考于
http://liangruijun.blog.51cto.com/3061169/647804
http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/527314
一.Service的简介
Service是Android系统中的四大组件之一，不和用户交互应用组件。每个Service必须在manifest中 通过<service>来声明。可以通过context.startservice和context.bindserverice来启动。
Service和其他的应用组件一样，运行在进程的主线程中。这就是说如果service需要很 耗时或者阻塞的操作，需要另外开线程来执行耗时的操作，例如：我们不能去执行下载的任务。
启动时，startService –> onCreate() –> onStart()
停止时，stopService –> onDestroy()
如果打算采用Context.startService()方法启动服务，在服务未被创建时，系统会先调用服务的onCreate()方法，接着调用onStart()方法。
如果调用startService()方法前服务已经被创建，多次调用startService()方法并不会导致多次创建服务，但会导致多次调用onStart()方法。
采用startService()方法启动的服务，只能调用Context.stopService()方法结束服务，服务结束时会调用onDestroy()方法。
拥有service的进程具有较高的优先级
官方文档告诉我们，Android系统会尽量保持拥有service的进程运行，只要在该service已经被启动(start)或者客户端连接(bindService)到它。当内存不足时，需要保持，拥有service的进程具有较高的优先级。
本地service
1.不需和Activity交互的本地服务
public class LocalService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "LocalService";
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "onBind");
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Log.i(TAG, "onStart");
super.onStart(intent, startId);
}
}
public class ServiceActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.servicedemo);
((Button) findViewById(R.id.startLocalService)).setOnClickListener(
new View.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
startService(new Intent("com.demo.SERVICE_DEMO"));
}
});
((Button) findViewById(R.id.stopLocalService)).setOnClickListener(
new View.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
stopService(new Intent("com.demo.SERVICE_DEMO"));
}
});
}
}
在AndroidManifest.xml添加：
<service android:name=".LocalService">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.demo.SERVICE_DEMO" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.default" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
对于这类不需和Activity交互的本地服务，是使用startService/stopService的最好例子。
运行时可以发现第一次startService时，会调用onCreate和onStart，在没有stopService前，无论点击多少次startService，都只会调用onStart。而stopService时调用onDestroy。再次点击stopService，会发现不会进入service的生命周期的，即不会再调用onCreate，onStart和onDestroy。 而onBind在startService/stopService中没有调用。
2.本地服务和Activity交互
* This is an example of implementing an application service that runs locally
* in the same process as the application. The {@link LocalServiceController}
* and {@link LocalServiceBinding} classes show how to interact with the
* service.
*
* <p>Notice the use of the {@link NotificationManager} when interesting things
* happen in the service. This is generally how background services should
* interact with the user, rather than doing something more disruptive such as
* calling startActivity().
*/
public class LocalService extends Service {
private NotificationManager mNM;
/**
* Class for clients to access. Because we know this service always
* runs in the same process as its clients, we don't need to deal with
* IPC.
*/
public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
LocalService getService() {
return LocalService.this;
}
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
mNM = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Display a notification about us starting. We put an icon in the status bar.
showNotification();
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.i( "LocalService", "Received start id " + startId + ": " + intent);
// We want this service to continue running until it is explicitly
// stopped, so return sticky.
return START_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// Cancel the persistent notification.
mNM.cancel(R.string.local_service_started);
// Tell the user we stopped.
Toast.makeText( this, R.string.local_service_stopped, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
// This is the object that receives interactions from clients. See
// RemoteService for a more complete example.
private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
/**
* Show a notification while this service is running.
*/
private void showNotification() {
// In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification
CharSequence text = getText(R.string.local_service_started);
// Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp
Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.stat_sample, text,
System.currentTimeMillis());
// The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity( this, 0,
new Intent( this, LocalServiceController. class), 0);
// Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel.
notification.setLatestEventInfo( this, getText(R.string.local_service_label),
text, contentIntent);
// Send the notification.
// We use a layout id because it is a unique number. We use it later to cancel.
mNM.notify(R.string.local_service_started, notification);
}
}
* <p>Example of binding and unbinding to the {@link LocalService}.
* This demonstrates the implementation of a service which the client will
* bind to, receiving an object through which it can communicate with the service.</p>
*/
public class LocalServiceBinding extends Activity {
private boolean mIsBound;
private LocalService mBoundService;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.local_service_binding);
// Watch for button clicks.
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);
button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);
button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);
}
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// established, giving us the service object we can use to
// interact with the service. Because we have bound to a explicit
// service that we know is running in our own process, we can
// cast its IBinder to a concrete class and directly access it.
mBoundService = ((LocalService.LocalBinder)service).getService();
// Tell the user about this for our demo.
Toast.makeText(LocalServiceBinding. this, R.string.local_service_connected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
// Because it is running in our same process, we should never
// see this happen.
mBoundService = null;
Toast.makeText(LocalServiceBinding. this, R.string.local_service_disconnected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// Establish a connection with the service. We use an explicit
// class name because we want a specific service implementation that
// we know will be running in our own process (and thus won't be
// supporting component replacement by other applications).
bindService( new Intent(LocalServiceBinding. this,
LocalService. class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mIsBound = true;
}
};
private OnClickListener mUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (mIsBound) {
// Detach our existing connection.
unbindService( mConnection);
mIsBound = false;
}
}
};
}
< activity android:name =".app.LocalServiceBinding" android:label ="@string/activity_local_service_binding" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
< category android:name ="android.intent.category.SAMPLE_CODE" />
</ intent-filter >
</ activity >
2.LocalService : onBind
3.Activity: onServiceConnected
1. startService()的目的是回调onStart()方法，onCreate() 方法是在Service不存在的时候调用的，如果Service存在（例如之前调用了bindService，那么Service的onCreate方法已经调用了）那么startService()将跳过onCreate() 方法。
2. bindService()目的是回调onBind()方法，它的作用是在Service和调用者之间建立一个桥梁，并不负责更多的工作（例如一个Service需要连接服务器的操作），一般使用bindService来绑定到一个现有的Service（即通过StartService启动的服务）。
由于Service 的onStart()方法只有在startService()启动Service的情况下才调用，故使用onStart()的时候要注意这点。
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