第一步先分析流程
#1. 传入url
#2. user_agent
#3. headers
#4. 定义Request
#5. urlopen
#6. 返回byte数组
from urllib import request, parse
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
def get(url, headers=None):
return urlrequests(url, headers=headers)
def post(url, form, headers=None):
return urlrequests(url, form, headers=headers)
def urlrequests(url, form=None, headers=None):
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'
# 如果用户需要自行传入headers, 则覆盖之前的headers
if headers == None:
headers = {
'User-Agent': user_agent
}
#定义为byte(字节流类型)
html_bytes = b''
try:
if form:
# POST
# 2.1 转换成str
form_str = parse.urlencode(form)
#print(form_str)
# 2.2 转换成bytes
form_bytes = form_str.encode('utf-8')
req = request.Request(url, data=form_bytes, headers=headers)
else:
# GET
req = request.Request(url, headers=headers)
response = request.urlopen(req)
html_bytes = response.read()
except HTTPError as e:
print(e)
except URLError as e:
print(e)
return html_bytes
if __name__ == '__main__':
# url = 'http://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'
# form = {
# 'kw': '呵呵'
# }
# html_bytes = post(url, form=form)
# print(html_bytes)
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
html_byte = get(url)
print(html_byte)