Essential Grammar in Use(Third Edition)--Present perfect Unit15

I have done (present perfect 1 现在完成时)

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A

His shoes are dirty.

He is cleaning his shoes.

He has cleaned his shoes. (= his shoes are clean now)

 

They are at home.

They are going out.

They have gone out. (= they are not at home now)

 

B

has cleaned/ have gone etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle(过去分词)):

I we you  they	have ('ve) have not (haven't)	cleaned finished started lost done been gone
he she it	has ('s) has not (hasn't)

have	I we you they	cleaned? finished? started? lost? done? been? gone?
has	he  she it

Regular verbs   The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple):

                        clean  I have cleaned    finish  we have finished    start  she has started

Irregular verbs  The past participle is not -ed.

                        Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same:

                          buy  I bought / I have bought     have  he had / he has had

                        Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different:

                          break  I broke / I have broken     see  you saw / you have seen

                          fall  it fell / it has fallen              go  they went / they have gone

C

We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now:

• I've lost my passport. (= I can't find my passport now)
• Where's Rebecca? She's gone to bed. (= she is bed now)
• We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now)
• It's Rachel's birthday tomorrow and I haven't bought her a present. (= I don't have a present for her now)
• Bob is away on holiday. Oh, where has he gone? (= where is he now?)
• Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with is? (= do you need it now?)