I have done (present perfect 1 现在完成时)
A
His shoes are dirty.
He is cleaning his shoes.
He has cleaned his shoes. (= his shoes are clean now)
They are at home.
They are going out.
They have gone out. (= they are not at home now)
B
has cleaned/ have gone etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle(过去分词)):
I we you they | have ('ve) have not (haven't) | cleaned finished started lost done been gone |
he she it | has ('s) has not (hasn't) |
have | I we you they | cleaned? finished? started? lost? done? been? gone? |
has | he she it |
Regular verbs The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple):
clean I have cleaned finish
we have finished start
she has started
Irregular verbs The past participle is not -ed.
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the same:
buy I bought / I have bought have
he had / he has had
Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different:
break I broke / I have broken see
you saw / you have seen
fall it fell / it has fallen go
they went / they have gone
C
We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now:
- I've lost my passport. (= I can't find my passport now)
- Where's Rebecca? She's gone to bed. (= she is bed now)
- We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now)
- It's Rachel's birthday tomorrow and I haven't bought her a present. (= I don't have a present for her now)
- Bob is away on holiday. Oh, where has he gone? (= where is he now?)
- Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with is? (= do you need it now?)