引用分类和三个实现Map

一、引用分类

强引用：StrongReference：引用指向对象，gc(Garbage collection）运行时不回收

软引用：SoftReference gc运行时可能回收（jvm内存不够）

弱引用：WeakReference gc运行时立即回收

虚引用：PhantomReference 类似于无引用，主要跟踪对象被回收的状态，不能单独使用，必须与引用队列（ReferenceQueue）联合使用

import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;

/**
 * 引用分类：强、软、弱、虚
 * 强与弱的引用
 */
public class RefTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String str="zhangrui";//常量池对象不会被回收
        WeakReference weakReference=new WeakReference(str);
        System.out.println("回收前："+weakReference.get());
        //断开引用
        str=null;
        System.gc();
        System.runFinalization();
        System.out.println("回收后："+weakReference.get());
        System.out.println("***************************");
        String str1=new String("zhangrui");
        WeakReference weakReference2=new WeakReference(str1);
        System.out.println("回收前："+weakReference2.get());
        //断开引用
        str1=null;
        System.gc();
        System.runFinalization();
        System.out.println("回收后："+weakReference2.get());

    }
}

二、三个Map接口实现

WeakHashMap

键为弱引用

/**
 * WeakHashMap的key为弱引用
 */

import java.util.WeakHashMap;

public class WeakHashMap1 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        WeakHashMap<String,String> map=new WeakHashMap<>();
        //常量池对象，不会回收
        map.put("a","zhang");
        map.put("b","z");
        //gc运行，已被回收
        map.put(new String("ss"),"s");
        map.put(new String("dd"),"d");
        System.out.println(map.size());
        //准备回收
        System.gc();
        System.runFinalization();
        System.out.println(map.size());
    }


}

IdentityHashMap

键比较地址去重，注意常量池的对象

import java.util.IdentityHashMap;

/**
 * IdentityHashMap 键比较地址去重
 * 而HashMap比较key的hashcode和equals
 */
public class IdentityHashMap1 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        IdentityHashMap<String,String> map=new IdentityHashMap<>();
        map.put("a","a1");
        map.put("a","a2");
        System.out.println(map.size());//IdentityHashMap只比较key的地址
        map.put(new String("a2"),"aa");
        map.put(new String("a2"),"bb");
        System.out.println(map.size());
    }
}

EnumMap

枚举Map，要求键为枚举的值

import java.util.EnumMap;

/**
 * EnumMap要求键为枚举
 */
public class EnumMap1 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        EnumMap<Season,String> map=new EnumMap<Season, String>(Season.class);
        map.put(Season.SPRING,"春困");
        map.put(Season.SUMMER,"夏天");
        map.put(Season.AUTUMN,"秋乏");
        map.put(Season.WINTER,"冬天");
        System.out.println(map.size());
    }
}
enum Season{
    SPRING,SUMMER,AUTUMN,WINTER
}