Linux Swap分区文件的使用

由于原本在home下的swap占用了4g的空间，目前想把分区迁移到比较大的目录下。

一：首先取消原本的交换分区文件

  1.1：获取root权限，使用swapoff回收交换分区文件

/usr/sbin/swapoff  /home/swap

  1.2：从文件系统删除原有的swap文件

rm /home/swap

  1.3：从/etc/fstab 删除此前的文件

二：重新创建交换分区文件

  2.1：root权限 执行创建命令

dd if=/dev/zero  of=/data/SwapFile/swap  bs=1024 count=2048000;

  2.2：设置交换分区文件

/usr/sbin/mkswap /data/SwapFile/swap

  2.3：启用交换分区文件

 /usr/sbin/swapon /data/SwapFile/swap 

 2.4:设置主机重启后 自动开辟交换分区文件

打开/etc/fstab 

增加如下内容

/data/SwapFile/swap  swap    swap   defaults    0        0

2.5 检查交换分区文件是否生效

free -m

# free  -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3829       3715        113          0        142       1915
-/+ buffers/cache:       1657       2171
Swap:         1999          0       1999

2G的交换分区已经添加上。

------------dd命令使用说明---------------

dd --help之后看到：

Usage: dd [OPERAND]...
  or:  dd OPTION
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.


  bs=BYTES        read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
  cbs=BYTES       convert BYTES bytes at a time
  conv=CONVS      convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
  count=BLOCKS    copy only BLOCKS input blocks
  ibs=BYTES       read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
  if=FILE         read from FILE instead of stdin
  iflag=FLAGS     read as per the comma separated symbol list
  obs=BYTES       write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
  of=FILE         write to FILE instead of stdout
  oflag=FLAGS     write as per the comma separated symbol list
  seek=BLOCKS     skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
  skip=BLOCKS     skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
  status=noxfer   suppress transfer statistics


BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.


Each CONV symbol may be:


  ascii     from EBCDIC to ASCII
  ebcdic    from ASCII to EBCDIC
  ibm       from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
  block     pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
  unblock   replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
  lcase     change upper case to lower case
  nocreat   do not create the output file
  excl      fail if the output file already exists
  notrunc   do not truncate the output file
  ucase     change lower case to upper case
  swab      swap every pair of input bytes
  noerror   continue after read errors
  sync      pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
            with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
  fdatasync  physically write output file data before finishing
  fsync     likewise, but also write metadata


Each FLAG symbol may be:


  append    append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
  direct    use direct I/O for data
  directory  fail unless a directory
  dsync     use synchronized I/O for data
  sync      likewise, but also for metadata
  fullblock  accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
  nonblock  use non-blocking I/O
  noatime   do not update access time
  noctty    do not assign controlling terminal from file
  nofollow  do not follow symlinks


Sending a USR1 signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.


  $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
  $ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
  18335302+0 records in
  18335302+0 records out
  9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s


Options are:


      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit


Report dd bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'dd invocation'

名词解释：

of=交换文件位置

count=2048000,创建大小为2G的交换分区文件