Cenos7系统静默安装Oracle11G

1. 概述
   1. 资源地址

	参考文档	https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29656247/article/details/117412348
	下载页面	https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html
	JDK8	https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/#java8

1. 1. 安装说明
      1. 依赖包

	安装文件位置	/opt/apk/oracle11g
	安装位置	/opt/softs/oracle

1. 安装数据库
   1. 安装前准备

##安装依赖

## 如果是离线环境，自己想办法安装依赖 yum -y install unzip yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static glibc glibc-common glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel kernelheaders pdksh pcre-devel readline rlwrap

##创建用户和用户组

groupadd oinstall && groupadd dba && useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

##创建oracle目录，并授权文件夹目录权限给oracle

mkdir -p /opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 mkdir -p /opt/softs/oracle/oradata mkdir -p /opt/softs/oracle/inventory mkdir -p /opt/softs/oracle/fast_recovery_area chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/softs/oracle chmod -R 755 /opt/softs/oracle ## 给安装目录权限 chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/apk/oracle11g/ chmod -R 777 /opt/apk/oracle11g/

修改内核参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

修改内容

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 1073741824 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

#使内核新配置生效

sysctl -p

修改用户限制

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

修改内容

oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240

修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件

vim /etc/pam.d/login ##找到这一行：        ## session required pam_namespace.so ##在其下一行添加： session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile文件

vim /etc/profile

#添加以下内容 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

设置oracle用户环境变量

su - oracle vim .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/softs/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8

#生效 source .bash_profile echo $ORACLE_SID echo $ORACLE_BASE

查看主机名, 添加主机名与ip对应记录

hostname vim /etc/hosts #格式为：IP 主机名 192.168.56.19 oracledb

1. 1. 其它配置

编辑 /etc/selinux/config文件，设置SELINUX= enforcing 为SELINUX=disabled

vim /etc/selinux/config ## 设置 SELINUX=disabled SELINUX=disabled

1. 1. 静默安装Oracle

1. 1. 安装前配置

cd /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/response # 将 db_install.rsp 备份一份，以免修改出错 cp db_install.rsp db_install_copy.rsp

编辑静默文件 vim db_install.rsp

#设置以下内容 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=自己的主机名hostname UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/softs/oracle/inventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/opt/softs/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true ####可选择 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

1. 1. 安装数据库

su - oracle cd /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq ##查看日志

1. 配置数据库
   1. 另开一个终端，以root登录

su - root source .bash_profile sh /opt/softs/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh sh /opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

1. 1. 配置监听

cd /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/response/ cp netca.rsp  netca.rsp.old su - oracle cd /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/response/ ## source .bash_profile netca /silent /responsefile /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/response/netca.rsp

1. 1. Oracle启动

su - oracle lsnrctl start netstat -tunlp|grep 1521 ##查看监听状态 lsnrctl status #查看监听器配置文件 listener.ora cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

1. 1. 静默建立新库和实例的响应文件

cd /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/response/ cp dbca.rsp dbca.rsp.old vim dbca.rsp

##设置以下参数 GDBNAME = "orcl" SID = "orcl" DATAFILEDESTINATION =/opt/softs/oracle/oradata RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/opt/softs/oracle/fast_recovery_area CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" TOTALMEMORY = "6144"

查看建库相应文件配置信息

egrep -v "(#|$)" /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/response/dbca.rsp

启用配置，静默建库和实例

## 这一步好恐怖 dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/apk/oracle11g/database/response/dbca.rsp ##执行完后会先清屏，清屏之后没有提示， #直接输入oracle用户的密码，回车，再输入一次，再回车。 #稍等一会，会开始自动创建 ## 创建完毕后，查看日志

1. 登录及启动数据库

su - oracle sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup

如果startup报错的话，那么需要复制一个instorcl文件到相对应的路径下

##源目录 /opt/softs/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile ##目录目录 /opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs ## 如果pfile没有文件 find / -name init*.ora su – oracle cp /opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora  /opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora

1. 登录及启动数据库

su – root vim /etc/oratab

增加一行

orcl:/opt/softs/oracle:Y

vim /etc/rc.local

在文件末尾增加：

su - oracle -c 'dbstart'su - oracle -c 'lsnrctl start'

1. 附录
   1. 启动监听The listener supports no services

# 监听文件添加如下内容 /opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =  (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =    (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)   (SID_NAME = orcl)   ) )

1. 1. 卸载Oracle

su - oracle cd /opt/softs/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/deinstall ./deinstall su - root rm -f /etc/oraInst.loc rm -rf /opt/softs/oracle rm -rf /usr/local/bin/dbhome rm -rf /usr/local/bin/oraenv rm -rf /usr/local/bin/coraenv rm -f /etc/oratab ##删除启动服务 chkconfig --del oracle

1. 1. 修改Sysdba密码

sqlplus / as sysdba ALTER USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY "dba123";

1. 1. 添加表空间、临时表空间、用户、权限

sqlplus / as sysdba ## 查询表空间大小 Select Tablespace_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024 From Dba_Segments Group By Tablespace_Name; ## 查询表空间位置 select * from dba_data_files; ## 创建新的表空间 create tablespace tab_agou logging datafile '/opt/softs/oracle/oradata/orcl/agou.dbf' size 500M autoextend on next 10M maxsize unlimited extent management local; ## 扩展表空间 ALTER TABLESPACE tab_agou ADD DATAFILE '/opt/softs/oracle/oradata/orcl/agou01.dbf' SIZE 50M ; ## 创建临时表空间 create temporary tablespace tab_agou_temp tempfile '/opt/softs/oracle/oradata/orcl/agou_temp.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 10M maxsize unlimited extent management local; ##创建用户\ create user agou identified by agou123 default tablespace tab_agou temporary tablespace tab_agou_temp; ## 分配权限 grant connect,resource,dba to agou;