Kotlin基础

Kotlin

空指针检查

 fun checkNull(context:Context?){
        if (context != null) {
            context.getString(R.string.app_name)
        }

        context?.getString(R.string.app_name)
        //危险的做法 context 一定不为null
        context!!.getString(R.string.app_name)

        var con = context.let {
            it.getString(R.string.app_name)
        }
        var java = con::class.java
        Log.e("vic-zgt","con = ${con} javaClass ${java}");
    }

常用标准函数

with

 fun testWith(){
        // with(obj) 函数 有返回值 obj 是上下文
        val str = with(StringBuilder()){
            append("1")
            append("2")
            toString()
        }
        // 输入 12
        Log.e("vic-zgt","${str}")
    }

run

fun testRun(){
        // obj.run  obj 是上下文  有返回值
        val str = StringBuilder().run {
            append(1)
            append(2)
            toString()
        }
        // 输入 12
        Log.e("vic-zgt","${str}")
    }

apply

fun testApply(){
        //obj.apply obj 是上下文 返回对象本身
        val builder = StringBuilder().apply {
            append(1)
            append(2)
        }
        builder.append(3)
        // 输入 123
        Log.e("vic-zgt","${builder}")
    }

静态方法

fun testUti(){
        Utils.getAppName();
        Util.getAppName2();
    }

    //单例类
    //public static final Utils INSTANCE = new Utils();
    object Utils{
        fun getAppName(){
            Log.e("vic-zgt","DemoApp");
        }
    }

    //静态方法
    class Util{

        fun getAppName(){
           Log.e("vic-zgt","DemoApp");
        }

        //会生成一个
        //public static final Companion Companion = new Companion((DefaultConstructorMarker) null);
        companion object{
            fun getAppName2(){
                Log.e("vic-zgt","DemoApp2");
            }

            /*
            标记上@JvmStatic 会生成一个静态方法
            @JvmStatic
            public static final void getAppName3() {
                Companion.getAppName3();
            }
             */
            @JvmStatic
            fun getAppName3(){
                Log.e("vic-zgt","DemoApp3");
            }
        }

    }

内联函数

//内联函数 inline
    inline fun aANDb(a:Int,b:Int,and:(a:Int,b:Int)->Int):Int{
        return and(a,b);
    }

    fun test(){
        //如果是内联函数
        //编译后就会变成
        //int a$iv = 1 + 2;
        var r = aANDb(1,2){a,b->
            a+b
        } 
    }

noinline

 inline fun inlineTest(block1:()->Unit,noinline block2: () -> Unit){
        block1()
        block2()
    }

    fun test(){
        /*
        编译后 就编程如下
         Log.e("vic-zgt", "block1");
        Demo01Activity$test$2.INSTANCE.invoke();
         */
        inlineTest({
            Log.e("vic-zgt","block1");
        },{
            Log.e("vic-zgt","block2");
        })

    }

中缀函数

/*
    中缀函数翻译成Java
    public final boolean beginWith(String $this$beginWith, String prefix) {
        Intrinsics.checkParameterIsNotNull($this$beginWith, "$this$beginWith");
        Intrinsics.checkParameterIsNotNull(prefix, "prefix");
        return StringsKt.startsWith$default($this$beginWith, prefix, false, 2, (Object) null);
    }

    public final void test() {
        boolean beginWith = beginWith("abc", "a");
    }
     */
    //中缀函数
    infix fun String.beginWith(prefix:String):Boolean{
        return startsWith(prefix)
    }
    fun test(){
        var b = "abc" beginWith "a"
    }

高阶函数

class Title{
    fun txt(str:String){
        println(str)
    }
}

class Header{
    fun title(init:Title.()->Unit):Title{
        var t = Title()
        t.init()
        return t;
    }
}

class HTML{
    fun header(init:Header.()->Unit):Header{
        var h = Header()
        h.init()
        return h;
    }
    fun body(){
        println("HTML BODY")
    }
}

fun html(init:HTML.()->Unit):HTML{
    var html = HTML()
    html.init()
    return html
}

fun main() {
    var html = html {
        header{
            title{
                txt("标题内容")
            }
        }
        body()
    }

    println(html)
}

扩展系统函数

fun SharedPreferences.open(block:SharedPreferences.Editor.()->Unit){
    val editor = edit()
    editor.block()
    editor.apply()
}

fun test(context:Context){
    context.getSharedPreferences("test",Context.MODE_PRIVATE).open { 
        putBoolean("b",true)
        putString("str","zgt")
    }
}

lazy 函数的本质

class Later<T> (var block:()->T){
    var value:Any? =null;
    operator fun getValue(any:Any?,prop:KProperty<*>):T{
        if (value == null){
            value = block()
        }
        return value as T;
    }
}
fun <T>later( block: () -> T) = Later(block)
class Demo1{
    val name:String by later {
        println("name")
        "abcde"
    }
}