在使用/dev/mem设备节点将寄存器地址映射到用户空间时,使用mmap函数将寄存器地址映射到用户空间,但是在使用mmap函数时需要注意一下一点:
使用mmap函数时,物理地址的起始地址有一些讲究,不是随便给个地址就直接映射了,而是给的地址需要是页对齐的,即4K
对齐,例如下面的例子中,某个gpio的地址是0x11000000 + 0x100,基地址是0x11000000,偏移是0x100,但是当我直接映射0x11000100地址到用户空间,然后对返回的虚拟地址进行读写操作,这是不对的,因为在/dev/mem的驱动中,会把0x11000100地址进行4K对齐,然后给返回用户空间,此时放回的地址不是我们想要的。正确的做法是应该映射0x11000000地址到用户空间,然后在返回的虚拟机地址vadd加上0x100即可。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#define DEVNAME "/dev/mem"
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
//正确方法
int fd;
int led_statue ;
unsigned char*map_base;
if (2 != argc)
{
printf("usage:%s <on/off>\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
led_statue = atoi(argv[1]);
printf("led_state:%d\n", led_statue);
fd = open(DEVNAME, O_RDWR | O_NDELAY);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open for leds\n");
return -1;
}
#define BASE_ADDR 0x11000000
#define OFFSET 0x100
map_base = (unsigned char*)mmap (NULL, 0xffff, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, BASE_ADDR);
if (map_base == NULL)
{
printf("can't mmap\n");
return -1;
}
*(volatile unsigned int *)(map_base + 0x100) &= ~(0xf); //修改该寄存器地址的value
*(volatile unsigned int *)(map_base + 0x100) |= (0x1); //修改该寄存器地址的value
if (1 == led_statue )
*(volatile unsigned int *)(map_base + 0x100 + 4) = 1;
else
*(volatile unsigned int *)(map_base + 0x100 + 4) = 0;
printf(" set value after\n ");
#if 0 //错误方法
map_base = (unsigned char*)mmap (NULL, 0xffff, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, BASE_ADDR + OFFSET);
if (map_base == NULL)
{
printf("can't mmap\n");
return -1;
}
*map_base &= ~(0xf);
*map_base |= (0x1);
map_base++;
if (1 == led_statue )
*map_base = 1;
else
*map_base = 0;
#endif
#endif
munmap(map_base, 0xffff);
close(fd);
return 0;
}