setjmp和longjmp函数可以实现函数之间的跳跃(goto),下面是一个实例
#include <stdio.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
static void f1(int, int, int, int);
static void f2(void);
static jmp_buf jmpbuffer;
static int globval;
int main(void)
{
int autoval;
register int regival;
volatile int volaval;
static int statval;
globval = 1;
autoval = 2;
regival = 3;
volaval = 4;
statval = 5;
if(setjmp(jmpbuffer) != 0) {
printf("after longjmp:\n");
printf("globval = %d, autoval = %d, regival = %d,"
"volaval = %d, statval = %d\n",
globval, autoval, regival, volaval, statval);
exit(0);
}
globval = 95;
autoval = 96;
regival = 97;
volaval = 98;
statval = 99;
f1(autoval, regival, volaval, statval);
exit(0);
}
static void f1(int i, int j, int k, int l)
{
printf("in f1():\n");
printf("globval = %d, autoval = %d, regival = %d,"
"volaval = %d, statval = %d\n",
globval, i, j, k, l);
f2();
}
static void f2()
{
longjmp(jmpbuffer, 1);
}
先使用不带优化来编译程序
jay@jay-vibox:~/workspace/UNIX/7-6$ cc main.c
main.c: In function ‘main’:
main.c:28:3: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default]
main.c:38:2: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default]
jay@jay-vibox:~/workspace/UNIX/7-6$ ./a.out
in f1():
globval = 95, autoval = 96, regival = 97,volaval = 98, statval = 99
after longjmp:
globval = 95, autoval = 96, regival = 97,volaval = 98, statval = 99
jay@jay-vibox:~/workspace/UNIX/7-6$
然后使用优化编译后执行
jay@jay-vibox:~/workspace/UNIX/7-6$ cc -O main.c
main.c: In function ‘main’:
main.c:28:3: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default]
main.c:38:2: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’ [enabled by default]
jay@jay-vibox:~/workspace/UNIX/7-6$ ./a.out
in f1():
globval = 95, autoval = 96, regival = 97,volaval = 98, statval = 99
after longjmp:
globval = 95, autoval = 2, regival = 3,volaval = 98, statval = 99
jay@jay-vibox:~/workspace/UNIX/7-6$
可以发现2次输出不一样,不进行优化时,所有5个变量都存放在存储器中。而进行了优化后,autoval和regival都存放在寄存器中,volatile变量则仍存放在存储器中。
如果要编写一个使用非局部跳转的可移植程序,则必须使用volatile属性。