设计模式-状态模式

1 含义：

允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时，改变他的行为

2 适用场景：

一个对象允许存在多个状态（不同状态行为不同），且状态可相互转换。
一般来说，如果一个代码里面出现了特别的if else，就可以考虑一下是否可以转换出状态模式

3 优缺点

优点：

• 将不同的状态隔离
• 把各种状态的转换逻辑，分不到各个State的子类中，减少相互间的依赖
• 增加新的状态也比较简单，扩展容易

缺点：
状态多的业务场景会导致类的数目很多，系统变得复杂。
比如当我们设计的系统涉及到几百个状态的时候，这时候使用或者不使用状态模式，都有可能导致系统变得复杂，这时候可能就需要分组，分而治之的分别处理等思路。

状态模式相关联动设计模式-联动享元模式。

4 结构

5 案例

5.1 播放器

举例播放器，一般有播放，暂停，快进，停止, 4种状态。 这几种状态之间的转换关系：

举例：

代码如下：
统一的State抽象类：

package designpatterns.principle.state.player;

public abstract class PlayerState {



    public void refresh() {
        System.out.println("任意状态下，都可以执行刷新操作");
    }

    public abstract void play();

    public abstract void speed();

    public abstract void stop();

    public abstract void close();

}

各个状态的子类实现：

package designpatterns.principle.state.player;

public class PlayerPlayState  extends PlayerState{

    PlayContext playContext;

    public PlayerPlayState(PlayContext playContext) {
        this.playContext = playContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void play() {

        System.out.println("开始播放");
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {

        System.out.println("播放转换快进状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerSpeedState());
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {

        System.out.println("播放转换暂停状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerStopState());
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {

        System.out.println("播放转换停止关闭状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerCloseState());
    }
}

package designpatterns.principle.state.player;

public class PlayerSpeedState extends PlayerState{

    PlayContext playContext;

    public PlayerSpeedState(PlayContext playContext) {
        this.playContext = playContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void play() {
        System.out.println("快进状态转换播放状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerPlayState());
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        System.out.println("快进");
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {

        System.out.println("快进状态转换成暂停状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerStopState());
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {

        System.out.println("快进状态转换成关闭状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerCloseState());
    }
}

package designpatterns.principle.state.player;

public class PlayerStopState extends PlayerState{

    PlayContext playContext;

    public PlayerStopState(PlayContext playContext) {
        this.playContext = playContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void play() {

        System.out.println("暂停状态转换成播放状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerPlayState());
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {

        System.out.println("暂停状态转换成快进状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerSpeedState());
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {

        System.out.println("暂停");
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {

        System.out.println("暂停状态转换成关闭状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(this.playContext.getPlayerCloseState());
    }
}

package designpatterns.principle.state.player;

public class PlayerCloseState extends PlayerState{

    PlayContext playContext;

    public PlayerCloseState(PlayContext playContext) {
        this.playContext = playContext;
    }

    @Override
    public void play() {

        System.out.println("停止状态无法转换播放状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {

        System.out.println("停止状态无法转换快进状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerSpeedState());
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {

        System.out.println("停止状态无法转换暂停状态");
        playContext.setPlayerState(playContext.getPlayerStopState());
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {

        System.out.println("关闭");

    }
}

Contex上下文

package designpatterns.principle.state.player;

public class PlayContext {


    private PlayerState playerState;

    private PlayerState playerPlayState;
    private PlayerState playerSpeedState;
    private PlayerState playerStopState;
    private PlayerState playerCloseState;


    public PlayContext() {
        this.playerPlayState = new PlayerPlayState(this);
        this.playerSpeedState = new PlayerSpeedState(this);
        this.playerStopState = new PlayerStopState(this);
        this.playerCloseState = new PlayerCloseState(this);

        // 设置初始状态
        this.playerState = playerStopState;
    }

    public void setPlayerState(PlayerState playerState) {
        this.playerState = playerState;
    }

    public PlayerState getPlayerPlayState() {
        return playerPlayState;
    }

    public PlayerState getPlayerSpeedState() {
        return playerSpeedState;
    }

    public PlayerState getPlayerStopState() {
        return playerStopState;
    }

    public PlayerState getPlayerCloseState() {
        return playerCloseState;
    }

    public void play() {
        this.playerState.play();
    }

    public void refresh() {
        this.playerState.refresh();
    }

    public void stop() {
        this.playerState.stop();
    }

    public void speed() {
        this.playerState.speed();
    }

    public void close() {
        this.playerState.close();
    }



}

测试类：

package designpatterns.principle.state.player;

public class Test {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PlayContext playContext = new PlayContext();

        playContext.play();

        playContext.speed();
        playContext.speed();

        playContext.play();
        playContext.stop();
        playContext.close();
        playContext.play();
    }
}

5.2 计算引擎作业管理

针对计算引擎作业，比如Spark, Flink, 的JOB作业本身都具有如下几种状态，草稿状态，执行中状态，运行状态，停止状态，下线状态，中间会涉及修改，提交，重置，重启等动作进而进行状态之间的转换，那么这行行为以及状态就可以通过状态模式来进行解决。